University:
Boston University
Course:
CAS EE 144 | Introduction to Oceanography
Academic year:

2022
Views:

449

Pages:

15
Author:

Jarrett Richard

Crustal Deformation CAP Fault Tsunami Generation Accumulation of stresses over centuries Plate slips, causing subsidence and releasing energy into water. Overriding plate bulges under strain, causing uplift displaces a large enough volume of water. S. Ward, 2010 2010 Slip Distribution (Compiled by F. Tilmann, 2012) a) NEIC (2010), basado en ondas internas y superficiales, máximo desplazamiento 14m, b) Sladen (2010), en ondas internas y GPS de campo lejano, 13 m, c) Shao (2010), ondas internas, 12 m, d) Lay et al. (2010), ondas internas, 27 m, e) Lay (2010), ondas internas y superficiales, 16 m, f) De Louis et al., (2010), ondas internas, GPS, InSAR, 20 m, g) Tong, (2010), GPS, InSAR, 18 m, h) Lorito et al. (2010), GPS, InSAR, formas de ondas de tsunami, 19 m, i) Vigny et al. (2011), GPS cinemático en campo cercano, InSAR, 18 m, j) Pollitz et al. (2011), GPS, InSAR, 20 m. Maule 2010 Aftershocks Lange et al (2012)) Contreras-Reyes et al. (2012) 1960, 1985 y 2010 Rupture zones Barrientos (1997) Vigny et al. (2011) Compararison (Mw) M = 9.5 M = 8.8 M = 8.0 Moreno et al. (2009) Page 22 Magnitude and Fault Size Magnitude and Moment Tensor: W-phase G. Hayes H. Kanamori, 1993, W Phase, Geophys. Res. Lett., v. 20, 1691-1694. H. Kanamori and L. Rivera, 2008. Source inversion of W phase: speeding tsunami warning, Geophys. J. Int., v. 175, 222-238. G. Hayes, 2012 Global Positioning System Tohoku I Tohoku II Page 25 Tohoku Earthquake and GPS O.T.: 346min 24 sec Early Warning 60 s + Δt p 90 s + Δt p 180 s + Δt p Mw=8.5 Mw=8.7 Mw=9.0 GPS-data: by courtesy of Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) Processing time currently 30 to 90 sec Babeyko, GFZ Group, 2012 Tsunami Warning: GPS Concept Page 28 Interpretation: Asperities Page 29 Crustal Deformation: Early Reports 1822 19 November 10:15 PM Valparaiso M= 8 to 8.5 (Lomnitz,2004) The alteration of the level at Valparaiso was about three feet, and some rocks were thus newly exposed, on which the fishermen collected the scollop-shell fish, which was not known to exist before the Earthquake. At Quintero, the elevation was about four feet . No significant tsunami Maria Graham Henry Warbuton published in Trans. Geol. Soc. London in 1823 Discussion with Greenough, Pres. of the Soc., (to attack Lyell’s ideas) 1835 20 February 11:30 AM Concepcion M = 8 to 8.5 (Lomnitz,2004) The island of Quiriquina was uplifted 8 feet, Santa Maria Island 8 to 10 feet, Talcahuano 4 to 5 feet, Tubul 6 feet-- according to Darwin's own estimates, based on the level of dead shellfish as a reference. Subsidence was reported in the Maule estuary. Large tsunami. Charles Darwin Continuous Fight of Cai-cai and Tren-tren