University:
Boston University
Course:
CAS PY 211 | General Physics I
Academic year:

2022
Views:

186

Pages:

13
Author:

Naomi Whitehead

Thermal Wave Sensors for Clean Energy Technology Development 1 Thermal Wave Sensors (TWS) can map battery subsurface transport properties dp µ 1 w Periodic Joule Heating 300 nm (thickness) t 3 mm 100 µm Cross Section View 2 Local relative Li+ concentration Sensor Cu CC Anode Separator Cathode Al CC TWS Can Measure Lithium Gradients Within Batteries Batter y to 66% fast charge d f u ll 47% char ged 28% charged Depth into anode (μm) 3 Anode Cross Section Gold color = high lithiation Cu Foil Anode (Separator would go here) Al Foil Cathode Separator Anode Cu Foil (optical microscope image) Low lithiation 70 μm 4 Trade-Off Between Energy Density and Power Density Al CC Cathode 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 (𝐽) 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑘𝑔) Separator 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑊) 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 (𝑘𝑔) Anode Cu CC 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑚𝑐𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑒 + 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 + 𝑚𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 + 𝑚𝑐𝑐 Active Material Inactive Material 5 TWS Can Validate Decoupling of Energy Density and Power Density Determines energy density Structural parameters (scales with electrode thickness) - Electrode thickness (he) Determines power density - Primary Pore size (Dp) (electrode thickness invariant) - Matrix thickness (tm) - Matrix porosity and composition Li+ Concentration gradient (from fast charging) Electrolyte (in pore) Electrode (matrix) Thermal waves non-invasively map subsurface Li+ distributions in AE Current collector Thermal Wave Sensor (TWS) 6 Thermal Wave Sensor Fabrication Fabrication: Photoresist Spinning 300 nm (thickness) 3 mm 100 µm Fabrication: Electron beam metal deposition Fabrication: Shadowmask Also building the electronics to power TWS Thermal Wave Sensors Battery Cathode TWS: Further Applications Fuel cells (structurally very similar to batteries), interface morphology evolution with cycling Carbon capture adsorbent materials (CO2 concentration gradients, when to replace, how well is it charging/discharging) High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage: Generation and evolution of microcracks and sintering.