Oracle Installation Guide - Chapter 1

Oracle Installation Guide Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................3 Oracle Overview.........................................................................................................................3 Downloading and Installing Oracle.....................................................................................6 Step 1: Creating an OTN Account ..................................................................................6 Step 2: Downloading Oracle 12c Release 1 .............................................................10 Step 3: Unzipping Oracle ................................................................................................11 Step 4: Installing Oracle 12c .........................................................................................14 Step 5: Verifying a Successful Install ........................................................................28 Installing the Oracle SQL Developer Client ...................................................................30 Step 1: Downloading Oracle SQL Developer ...........................................................30 Step 2: Launching Oracle SQL Developer.................................................................32 Step 3: Connecting to Your Database ........................................................................33 Creating a Database User to Complete Your Assignments .....................................38 Step 1: Creating Your Own User ..................................................................................38 Step 2: Connecting with Your New User ...................................................................41 Appendix A: Troubleshooting Installation and Usage Issues.................................43 I Forgot My Password .......................................................................................................43 Oracle SQL Developer Won’t Launch in Windows 10 ...........................................43 My Oracle Listeners Are Refusing Connections.......................................................44 My Installation Complains that I do not Have a Static IP ..................................49 The Installer Reports it Cannot Find a File ...............................................................55 The Installer Tells Me the PATH Exceeds the Recommend Length .................56 The Install Window Disappears .....................................................................................60 Appendix B: Configuring Oracle Startup Options .......................................................62 Appendix C: Installing Oracle on a Mac .........................................................................64 Using a Virtual Machine ...................................................................................................64 Dual Booting .........................................................................................................................65 Using Virtual Machine Versus Dual Booting .............................................................65 Appendix D: Caring for Your Oracle Installation.........................................................67 Process 1 – Getting Started ...........................................................................................67 Process 2 – Verifying ........................................................................................................70 Process 3 – Stopping Your Database ..........................................................................71 Process 4 – Starting Your Database ...........................................................................73 Process 5 – Putting it into a Batch File ......................................................................73 Introduction These Oracle installation instructions are used by students enrolled in the Master of Science in Computer Information Systems and other Computer Science Department programs in both on‐campus and online programs. The document begins with a discussion of Oracle, connecting to the Oracle web site, creating an Oracle Technology Network (OTN) account, then downloading and installing Oracle, then setting up a client to connect to your database. The examples in the main document are for the Microsoft Windows family, including Windows Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10. If you would like to install Oracle on a Mac (OS X), please first follow the instructions in Appendix C, then continue with the rest of this installation guide. If you are installing on an operating system other than the Windows family or OS X, such as Linux or Solaris, then follow the instructions in this installation guide to join OTN, and download the version of Oracle for your platform rather than the Windows version. The Quick Installation Guide and the full Installation Guide for your operating system can be found in the Install directory created when you unzip the file you will download as part of these instructions. These setup instructions are for Oracle 12c. Oracle has maintained upward compatibility for SQL between Oracle versions for many years, so if you cannot install Oracle 12c on your own machine, and you have ready access to installation for an older version of Oracle, you may be able to use it. The Oracle Express Installation Guide includes instructions for setting up Oracle Express Edition, a smaller edition of the full product. Although it has limitations with regard to the amount of memory, size, and number of tables allowed, it is quite usable for most of our classes, and it introduces a much lighter load on your computer. If you run into difficulties installing Oracle 12c and your class supports Oracle 11g Express, you should be able to successfully install 11g Express. Oracle is continually updating Oracle.com, so the screens that you see on Oracle.com will probably be a little different than what is shown in this document. If you can’t determine how to proceed because what you see is too different, or if something goes wrong ask your facilitator or instructor for help. Good luck, and have fun! Oracle Overview About Oracle Oracle has most of the advanced features in any relational or object‐relational database management system. Because of this, many of the new ANSI/ISO SQL standards are based on Oracle, so when you learn Oracle you are mainly close to the portable standards. Oracle runs on all common platforms from huge symmetric multiprocessors to ordinary PCs. Oracle is scalable, and supports both clustering and grid computing to surpass the performance and reliability of any single platform. Oracle is broadly considered as the standard by which other database management systems are measured, and when you learn to use Oracle your skills will transition well to other database management systems. Page 3 of 76 Oracle runs on ordinary machines. Oracle runs on the largest multiprocessors, but Oracle also runs very well on ordinary PCs and recent Macintoshes. PCs are a common Oracle hardware platform, and there are Oracle versions for many PC operating systems, including the Windows family and Linux. The following instructions are for the default configuration, the easiest of the Oracle installations. Oracle is very flexible and can be configured to use less or more in the way of machine resources. Hardware Requirements The following information is based on best practices and the hardware requirements specified by Oracle's installation documentation. If you are installing any release and edition of Oracle 12cR1, you must have 64‐bit hardware with at least 2GB RAM and at least 10GB free of disk space. If you are not sure if you have a 32‐bit or 64‐bit operating system, click on “Start>>Accessories>>System Tools>>System Information”. Under the entry for “System Type”, it will indicate what type of hardware you have. It will look something like this: If you do not have 64‐bit hardware, the entry for “System type” might be something like “X86‐based PC”. If so, you will want to install Oracle Express or a prior edition of Oracle, because Oracle 12c only works on 64‐bit hardware. If these hardware requirements are a problem for you please contact your instructor for assistance. Page 4 of 76 Oracle Editions Oracle 12c can be installed in one of four editions ‐‐ Enterprise, Standard Edition, Standard Edition One, and Express Edition. All editions come with the core relational DBMS along with full SQL support. The main difference in functionality between the editions is how many advanced features are supported, including features pertaining to high availability, scalability, performance, manageability, data warehousing, and business intelligence. Unless you need the advanced features provided by the Enterprise or Standard Editions, it is recommended that you install Standard Edition One. Common Platforms Oracle runs on all common platforms, including the Windows family, the latest Macintosh operating systems, several Linux variants, and several Unix variants. Oracle supports the features that we use in our courses on all platforms, and it doesn’t matter what platform your Oracle runs on. You will connect to Oracle using a SQL client, for example Oracle SQL Developer, TOAD, or SQL*Plus. Oracle can be on the same machine as the client or on another machine on the same LAN or anywhere on the Internet. Platform Independence Oracle behaves mostly the same regardless of the platform except for database size limitations and performance. Your exercises will behave the same way across all Oracle platforms. Preparations and Setup You can obtain a copy of Oracle by downloading Oracle database software directly from Oracle. Most people with broadband should be able to complete the download and install the program with minimal difficulty. Setting up Oracle is not like setting up an ordinary application. Oracle and other DBMS are more deeply integrated with the operating system than ordinary applications. Oracle installs do many more things than application installs. The installer will check for the many problems that can occur on your system. Oracle installations on unmodified environments usually occur without significant issues, but many things can go wrong, particularly with modified operating system environments. Expect the unexpected, and don’t feel embarrassed if something unexpected happens. Unexpected events are common for database installations. Just contact your instructor of facilitator, who will help you. Page 5 of 76 Downloading and Installing Oracle Step 1: Creating an OTN Account Introduction Log On to OTN This section guides you through the sub‐steps to create your own Oracle Technology Network (OTN) account. Before you can download Oracle you must create and login to an Oracle Technology Network account. Go to http://www.oracle.com to log onto the Oracle Technology Network. Oracle is regularly updates their web site, so what you see may be different than the following. Click on the “Oracle Technology Network” tab at the top or just enter http://www.oracle.com/technology into your browser and you will see something like this: Page 6 of 76 Click on “Sign In/Register for Account” in the top bar. You should see something like this: Page 7 of 76 If you already have an Oracle account, enter your new username and password, and then click the "Go" button to continue. Sign Up For your Oracle OTN Account If you don't already have an Oracle account, click on “Create your Oracle account now” at the bottom of the right box. You should see something like the following: Page 8 of 76  Type in your email address and a password for your new OTN account.  Click Confirm. Note that Oracle uses the portion of your email address to the left of the "@" sign as your OTN user name. If the site complains that the user name is already taken, you will need to use another email address, or create a new one. It is easy to create a new email account at sites like yahoo.com. I used such a Yahoo email address below. Page 9 of 76 You will then be presented with a long form asking for your name, address, etc. Complete the form and click "continue." You will find yourself logged into the OTN. Click on the “Downloads” tab to get to the Oracle database downloads. If you look in the upper right hand corner you should see your first name and “Sign Out”, which indicates that you are logged onto OTN. Click on the “Download Database 12c” link to download 12c Release 1, or click on one of the links next to “Database” to get to the downloads page. Step 2: Downloading Oracle 12c Release 1 Introduction Save the Zipped Installation File The following instructions guide you through the sub‐steps to download the Oracle zip file appropriate for your operating system. Create a directory for the installation files, such as C:\Oracle12cR1, and download the two zip files into that directory. You will see something similar to the following: Page 10 of 76 While you are waiting for the download to finish is a good time to turn off On‐Access Scanning in MacAfee Antivirus and other antivirus (AV) programs that scan data that is accessed by the file system. On‐access scanning will greatly slow some of the later stages of the installation. Your AV software may behave differently, but you should just be aware that some AV programs inject themselves in the middle of the large Oracle install file system data transfers. You may therefore want to adjust your AV configuration to shorten the install time. The install can succeed with on‐access scanning enabled, but it will take a lot longer. Your perimeter AV defenses will not interfere with the install, and they should be left on. Sometimes it happens that downloads time out or otherwise fail. This usually has to do with the internet connection that you are using. If this happens repeatedly to the point where you are unable to obtain the zipped file in a timely manner, contact your facilitator. Step 3: Unzipping Oracle Introduction The following instructions guide you through the sub‐steps to unzip the zipped files that you just downloaded. Unzip Oracle Installation File If a zip program is present or your operating supports unzipping just double click on the first file you downloaded. The zip program should launch. In WinZip, the resulting screen looks similar to this: Page 11 of 76 We are next going to extract all files into the same directory where we downloaded the zip file. Click Extract in the toolbar at the top. You will see a window like the following. Navigate to the folder to which you downloaded the zip, as in this example: Page 12 of 76 Then check that the radio button for All files/folders in archive is selected and that the Use folder names box is checked, as above. Then click Extract. You will see something like this: While this is extracting is a good time to take a look at the download directory that you created, such as C:\Oracle12cR1. The Oracle12c directory should look something like this in detailed view. Notice that all of the Oracle files are being unzipped under the database folder. The unzipped files will not be much bigger than the compressed zip files, because all of the larger files that are being unzipped are compressed jar files, which cannot be compress much further. After a few minutes the unzipping will finish, and you need to repeat these steps for the second file you downloaded. After unzipping both files, you have now completed the steps of downloading and unzipping Oracle. If you are short of disk space you can now delete Page 13 of 76 the zip files. Important: For your Oracle installation to succeed, the contents of the extraction of both zip files must end up in the same directory. Oracle has provided you with two files for a better download experience; however, the installer expects there to be a single directory structure containing all of the contents from both zip files. There are two primary ways to accomplish this. The first is to unzip each zip file into the same directory. The second is to unzip each zip file into different directories, but then manually copy the contents of the second directory into the first. Step 4: Installing Oracle 12c Introduction This section contains step‐by‐step instructions for installing Oracle 12c from the unzipped files on your hard disk. Before beginning the install you should download the latest Windows updates and close other applications on the machine. Closing other applications frees up resources for the install. If you have not done so already you should temporarily disable any on‐access scanning in your antivirus software. Install Oracle Next launch the Oracle Installer by navigating to the database directory, then double‐ clicking on the file setup.exe. If the setup.exe program launches, but the Oracle installer doesn’t start after a couple of minutes, there may be a problem with your Java installation. When using Windows 7 or Windows 8, right click on setup.exe as choose the option “Run as Administrator”. It may take several minutes for the Oracle Universal Installer to launch, during which Page 14 of 76 time you will see a DOS‐style text window reporting the checks before the launch. When the Oracle Universal Installer launches, you will see a screen like the following. Click the Click the button, and you will see the following warning: button. The "Step 2 of 11" screen appears. Page 15 of 76 Ensure that the following radio button is selected: Then click the button. The following screen appears. Page 16 of 76 Ensure that the following radio button is selected: Then click the button. The following screen appears. Page 17 of 76 Ensure that the following radio button is selected: Then click the appears. button. The next screen titled "Installing database ‐ Step 5 of 10", Page 18 of 76 You have three options for this screen: 1. “Use Existing Windows User” will let you use the account you’re logged in with provided the account does not have Administrator privileges. 2. “Create New Windows User” will create a new local Windows user for the account which will not have Administrator privileges. 3. “Use Windows Built‐in Account” will use the built‐in account on Windows. In a production environment, it is better to use a standard Windows account rather than the Windows Built‐in Account for additional security. For our purposes, the Windows Built‐in Account will be fine. Page 19 of 76