Structure of Bone - Lecture Notes

Structure of Bone :- DR-25/09/19 Thele aree Cel in pranitem then. bones rushich the number ass person to person. expresant ass, varies frem Coronal suture:- future → 98 united the frontal & periceal bons Sapital Suturre:- It feenites the turo perietal Bones at the meddle of the equll. 9 Lamboid suture:- It unites two percictal bones to occipeta 60005 ④ Squamous suture:- (4) If unites the parietal & temporeal bor Axial skeleton. Verfebreal column Crita, Ls, S., C. @maxiam and 1020167) cervical (12) Thorea Lumber Facial Bone arodske (1) баснит Maletine narder Holon cocayx The total no. of bones, present in al Srepeton is it in which the craniun conunt of expele number of 6070 8 the the bane faciat bore consis of 1970. Cranial Bone:- It concist of Bones Liga :- a) Freontal Bone: The forehead Before birety of re not jointed but after binth et is united. b) Parietal Bone: The sida & roof of Cranium. C) Теmроrаl Bone: The part of cranial floor- 4) Occipetal Bone: - The back of the head Sphenoid bone : It is the middle part of the base of exull. f) Ethmoid Bones:- Present in the anterio part of cranial flees. Facial Bone:- It consist of Nasal bone, maxilla (uppe Jae bone) kygomaticbone, (cheex bona), Palatine bana (posterior portion of hand Bandible (enser jawbone), Lacrimal Bone (posteriore to Nasal bone) Smaller bore of bace Hycid Bone It is U-shaped and doesn't articulate with any other bone. It is present and located in the anterior part of the nocybet mandible and pharynx. Tonpue: The hyord bone supports the af erell as pharynx and deck. The hyoid bone also helps keep the pharynx bpen all the time. (Alyeid Bone) ⑪ Vertebral column:- It is also Known as spine on consist of a series of bone called Vertebra typical adult vertebral column consist of 26 boves or vertebreas. Among them 7 are Cervical, 12 thomatic, 5 lumber, Vertebrea (C.) Alas De is the vertebrata present in the Bick expion contain transverse process and a foramen It is the I" Vertebra ushich Lecipperd led to vertebral column. TRANSVERIE FROLEM Atlas 2nd vered veredebea(C) Axis → 51 is also known Axis & have different processes live inferior articular process, transverse process, a part called Gody & Other part called Dens are present. Thorax-Sternum (1) Ribs (12 pains) (ik in each fir Todal-24 It consist of Stannum & Ribe The stererjum flat bone locand ad centree of the anterior there is utall measures aboat is com in length. The reibs are of 12 pains (1-12) & increase lenfin to 1 to 12th number. → Each ribs articulatas posterrionly. auth its corresponding tharatic rendebr The ribs pires a cafe like structure in the thorrasic region Organs. 5 prentact differ Appendiculars Skeleton It consist of banes the pindle bones legomph The total number of appendicular sxeetan is 136. 4 The shoulder bone is pindle which consist @capula(2). money as pectoral of clavicle (2), →Pelvic Girdle (The hip bone) it consist of coxal bone (2) or as which is articulated with facrum vertebra. Hind Limb:- Femeure & Tibio-fibula:- The fameur bone is the longest bone and heartest nd strongest body boner in the t Its proximal and articulates with the acetabulum of pelvic pirelle. → The distal and articulates cecithin Tibia and patella The Tibia is the weight-bearing bert in the dep. After Tibia, & fibula the farsals joined the tibia and fibella to fark In Human, the phallanpes pres A typical bong bone lige Hamamas, fant consist of park lige- Diaphysis:- It is the body or main part of the bares Epiphysis:- It is the proximal and distal end of the bone Metaphysis The portion between epiphysis and Dial is called metaphysis Note:- In each prowing bone the metaphyss Contain epiphyseal plate Anticular Cartilage It is the Hyaline cartilage covering the part of epiphysis. Q8fication The preocess by which the boners formed is called ossifecation/osterpeners It occurs in 4 different stapes- 1) The Instead stage of bone formation te in embryonic stage / fortal Stafa 1) The bone foremation in childhood untill achieve itt malmum file 11) Lamodelling of Bone by news bone tissue 6 fracture throughout life Repain or fe Different methods of bone formation The bone formation are classifeed into 2 nafar categories:- 1) Intreamembearjous on Oftification process/ 11) Endochondral Bane formation ecsification process/Bons formation Intramembranous Bone fourmation The intramembrances the formation of bane formatim fanell shall στόλος 15 Live Vommer Jare bones flat bone of scull ofe a) Formation of assification Center :- - Certain chemical messengers which cause the mesenchymal Cells to cluster together and differentiated into Osteogenic cells and then into osteoblast cells The site of cucation Centre formano 1's called ofsification 6) Calcification:- By the action of calcium ion and oth en mineral Salt the extracellular matreix osteocytes, and te surrounding is As is called makes it hard. This process. da calcification c) Formation of Trabeculae:- AS the bone extracellular matreix is formed from traвecилая whichpur weith one another to form spongy tissun 4) Development of perctorteum:- 7 I this Jayer of compact bane replac the swrodnding spongy bone tissue leaving the spongy tissue at the conte Endochondral ossification process:- The Heplacement. of cartilage by bone is called andochondreal ossifica process which is mostly observed in to Thi's process in vores fellaaring step. a) The development of catlilape, mo and around it the pub perichondriam developed tem 8) epeaith of cartilage model igor • Development of primary besification Contin of Development of marrow cavity- ) • Development of 2 cenfication cantar Foremation of articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate