Unit 4: Biometry

UNIT-4 Biometrey (1) Biological Data (2) Graphical representation of data (brequency polygon & histogram) (3) Sampling technique (4) Measurement of central tendency (mean, median, mode) (5) Measures of dispersion (Range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, Stand deviation) Standard (6) Hypothesis testing (T-test, chi-square kest") Q.1 What is mean? → mean is the - we aute avarrage. wed-where we add up all the numbers & then divide by number of numbers. Q. What is median? Medion is the middle value of list of numberts. 8.3 What is mode? → Mode is the value that occuris most often It no numbere in the list is repeated there is no mode boy the list! Q. What is central tendency? → the tendency Boy the values of a random variable, to cluster anmound its mean, median f mode. Q what is the meaning of sampling technique? & sampling technique is the name of other identification of the specific process by which that entities of the Sample have been selected. Q. What is briequency polygon? → brequency polygon shows a trequency distribution emphasize the overyall pattern in the data.. 2. Why is called brequency polygon? → They are called pollygen because the line the graph creates resemble hault of a polygon the brequency of polygon shows the shape of distribution of data. Q.8 What is histogram? → It consist of rectangles whore ane is proportional to the trequency interval of a variable f whose width egeval to class Q.9 Given an exampleand histogram? >* histogram is a graphical display of data ucing bars of different heights. 210. What is Quantile (standard) Deviation? It is a simple way to estimate the spread of a tistribution about a measure of its central tendency. What do you mean by biometry? The application of mathematical and statistical methods the collection, analysis or inter pretetion of biological data is called biometry. measurment of body structure of living tissue are also called biometrry. Sell what is biological data meaning? & particulary active Area of research in bio inkogmatiod is the application & development of data mining techniques Gill what is classity biological data base? Biological data bares can be broadly classified into sequence structure applicable to both nucleic acid & protein 요 What is the difference between histogram & bangraph? Histogram represents the frequency distribution of continuou variable wherte as a ban grap is a diagramatic Comparision of descrete variable How are histogram used in real like? Real world data can be easily and accurately represented by bargraph triequency table and histogram. →ereating a histogram provides a visual representation of data distribution. Histogram displays a large amount of data Sampling method 1" fandom sampling 2) Clustery Sampling (3) systematic Sampling (4) Striatitied Sampling Q. why centrial tendency is important? 7 It is important in statistic. It is important to ting the representation value. It is one type ob average. Q. why is median important? १. when the sample size is lange the mean value provides a better meacture tory central tendency. Q. why mean it important! The mean may not be a baily representative of data di compared to average. Q. Why mode is important! 7 mode of a set of data value is the value that appearts most often in other word it is the value that is most likely to be sampled. Q. What is the meaning of measure of dispersion → It tells us how spread out numberts brom the mean. example Dispersion is scattering of substances Q. Why standard deviation is the best measure et dispension? standard deviation is considered to be the best measure because it is baled. on all values and gives intorrmation about the series. 9. What is hypothesis? → hypothesis is a tentative statement about the relationship between two of mone variable. in sciend hypothecis proposes arrelationship bactor which are called variables. →Hypothesis testing is a statistical telt wed to determine whithen the hypothesis assumed bory, the enting population of not There are no. of hypothesis tecting and the common is T-Lest. 8. what is chi-square teit? →chi-square test is intended to test how Likely it is! that an observed distribution is due to chance it is ако Called goodness it beet Statistics. 24. Why T-test is important? →1-test compares to avertages (mean) and tells whiten they are disserent from each others. 25. Why chisquare test is important? → It is intended to test the goodness of reet because it measures how well the observes distribution et data beeds with the distribution that is expected 26 What do you mean by biometry discuss its application and limitation. → statistice is a branch of science which deals with the method of collection, classibication and analysis that is getting in bonence from collected data then tecting of hypothesis and making comment on this? 7 The ctatistics can be apply on thit all scientific.! brances like social, physical and biological.. → the use of statistice in biology is called biometry/" biostasties > It deals with the application of different Statistical methods and analysis of data collected brom biological System. Application et biomet biometry In biological cysten, it is very difficult to draw any- concrete conclusion about any happening as there is much difference among that individuals such aus lin thie Same Plants the leaves are all ditterent, Age in in a Held, all the same plants are not identical.co it is very detinite and reliable conclusion unless It take the help of statistical analysis. in care of plant breeding is very important. the application of blometry (a) How that characters which is accuined by the Population is distributed and How it is inherited (b) whither two characters in a population ane correlated en not." (c) In case of Plant breeding whithen mandelian genetics is followed or not. (4) the application of bertilizer can be ettectively Justitied. (e) The laws of probability is et importance in genetice, born a chance to obtain certain results. 1) Study of allele of gene in a population 607 a Pantoulan genotype in a population can be studied. (gliettect of two more distregent tertilizers on the Same field can be studied. Limi tation → all the conclusion about statistical analysis depends on availability et data. → Statistics will be disturbed when there is large dilbertence between data/ variable. discuss about graphical representation of data, Mequency polygon with example. The relevance of presentation of data in the pictogial on graphical borm is immence. trequency polygon give an idea about the shape of the data and tipends that a particular data set bollows. Let us learn step by step process of polygen. drawing, trequency Presentation of data → The key objective of statistic is to collect and unganise data one of the basics of data organisation comes trom Presentation et data in recognisable byom so that it can be interpritated easily. we can organice the data inform of table ory in the form of pictures of pictorial borone, pictortial representation of data take the borm et Pi-chaft, barf-charts, histogram of timequency polygon. 7d mequency polygon is a graphical toonm ic of representation of data that is used to depict the shape of data it It is drawn in the torm of mistogram a series of rectangular barns with no space between them are wed. Step-1 → mark the class interval for each clais on the horizonta anis. bu Step-2 → we will plot the frequency on the reptiodd ants.