EFFECTIVE WRITING: THE 5 CS Written communication has two aspects - content and layout. Each document type has its own standard format and structure. Business writing has moved from old-fashioned, impersonal style to being readeroriented. It aims for reader-friendly language to get favorable responses. The 5 Cs of effective writing are:  Clarity - Written clearly and unambiguously at first reading to avoid misunderstanding and save time. Uses simple words, short sentences, proper punctuation, definite details, logical sequence.  Correctness - Accurate in all respects like spelling, grammar, language, appearance, layout, information conveyed, tone, and style.  Conciseness - Expresses ideas briefly without sacrificing clarity or courtesy. Omits unnecessary words, reduces phrases, includes only relevant details.  Courtesy - Considerate of reader's feelings. Uses courtesy words, expresses appropriate sentiments, makes reader comfortable, responds attentively and promptly.  Credibility - Wins reader's trust and belief through correctness, clarity, consideration, and courtesy. Boastfulness reduces credibility. Language Modern business writing uses simple, easy to understand, friendly, and courteous language. It builds goodwill and elicits positive feelings. Technical terms should only be used if reader understands them or they are explained. Words have multiple meanings and associations that must be considered. Reader's Point of View Looking at the situation from the reader's perspective helps frame the message advantageously for them. Emphasize the reader's benefit in taking the suggested action. Understand and appeal to the reader's needs and desires. Aim is a mutually beneficial response. Planning the Message Careful planning ensures all information is logically ordered in the most reader-friendly style. Separate planning content from choosing language/style. Consider the purpose, reader, and desired response. Outline the structure: Opening, Information, Requested Action, Closing. Composing a Letter Opening draws favorable response by establishing rapport. Avoid repetitive references to previous correspondence. Closing states next action and leaves a goodwill impression. Last sentence is crucial for desired effect. Plan content first, then compose in suitable language and style based on reader's perspective.