Basic Tourism Materials

BASIC TOURISM MATERIALS Hospitality in hospitality is related to culture, the scientific study itself has begun to be studied in studies related to the field of hospitality and developed by researchers related to tourism, not only that, scientific studies about hospitality itself have been studied by writers in the fields of psychology, law, diplomacy , politics, urban planning, and sociology. If we describe hospitality, it is a relationship between humans, in which there is an exchange between the host and the guest which provides a calming effect, as well as feelings of friendship, love and human warmth. In tourism studies themselves, the topic of hospitality is viewed from a simplified management perspective into 3 services, namely food, beverage and lodging services. Hospitality itself is a broader matter because it is not only the relationship between hosts and guests but is also based on sociology and anthropology. In fact, hospitality is the highest teaching in the universe that should be implemented by every human being. To be able to implement this, tolerance and recognition of the right to receive hospitality is needed, which is the right of every individual in the world to be welcomed anywhere without exception. Hospitality here also refers to the right of foreigners not to be considered enemies when they are in another country. The theory of giving (give-receive-return) put forward by Mauss (1968), in which several mandatory elements are determined in the process of building and maintaining social relationships, namely the actions of giving, receiving and returning. The academic community in France is interested in analyzing hospitality topics from the perspective of the humanities and social sciences, especially philosophy, anthropology and sociology, which examine the interface of the relationship between guest and host. There have been studies of migration, cosmopolitanism, gender, religion, culture, institutional care, ethnography, history of civilization, symbolic space, mysticism, culture and representation, art, politics and society, all examined through the lens of hospitality. This study was used by the academic community in England but in a wider scope incorporated contemporary studies on hospitality that focus on business management. In England authors have sought the historical origins of hospitality in religion and custom, to interpret their influence on contemporary society. Conrad Lashley's work (Lashley, 2000; Lashley et al., 2007) discovered the 'three domains of hospitality' model. When arranged in a Venn diagram, the three domains in which hospitality is performed – public/social, domestic/private, and commercial/professional – give rise to the hospitality experience. In Brazil, researcher Luiz Octávio de Lima Camargo has made the greatest contributions to the topic, including the development of a “hospitality domain matrix”. A model that leads to the systematization of studies in Brazil. The current context of hospitality studies at the global level has two characteristics. The first involves a theoretical evaluation process, with a review of the fundamentals that support it; the second concerns the application of the topic in a contemporary context. The theory of giving (give-receive-return) proposed by Mauss (1968) is very important for understanding the concept of hospitality because it establishes the principles that govern human actions. The gift of hospitality fuels a cycle of ongoing relationships that are established either gratuitously or commercially. It is also important to recognize the social practice of hospitality as an act that spans centuries of history and is rooted in the challenges of human survival. Hospitality, as a gift, is therefore a necessary element to promote social cohesion and human well-being, anywhere and in any context, including tourism. In this sense, the construction of a universal concept of hospitality is a process: with each new social interaction, there will be other relationship nuances to consider, defining the meaning of the hospitality experience. Hence, an understanding of the real relevance of the idea of hospitality, its connection with the topic contemporary and maturation of research at the international level is very necessary.