Guidance and Counseling in Education

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background Along with increasing age, learners experience a continuous learning process from previously not knowing to knowing and from previously not experiencing to directly experiencing their life experiences. In the process of learning and understanding, students need special guidance. This is where the importance of the existence of guidance and counseling in schools. Grow (Wijaya, 1988) defines guidance as a provision of assistance by authorized and well-trained people to individuals of all ages to; organize their own activities, develop their own insights, make their own decisions, and to assume their own responsibilities. Meanwhile, counseling is defined as providing assistance by counselors to counselees in such a way that self-understanding increases in solving various problems. Guidance and counseling in schools is a form of service carried out by a professional to students in the context of providing assistance to students in order to understand themselves so that they are able to direct themselves and act properly in accordance with their mental development. Learner Management 3 B. Problem Formulation With the background described above, we draw several related problem formulations, as follows: a. What does it mean to record student grades? b. Name and explain the utilization of the Guidance and Counseling function? c. What are the roles of utilizing guidance counseling? C. Destination With the formulation of the problem that has been described, we will put forward several objectives from studying the problem, including: Provide an explanation of the utilization of Guidance Counseling. a. Know the benefits of recording student grades. b. Knowing the function of utilizing Guidance and Counseling in schools. c. Knowing the role of utilizing Guidance Counseling. Learner Management 4 CHAPTER II UPDATE ASAN A. Data collection of student grades The definition of data collection according to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, states that: "Data collection is the activity of recording and entering data into a record". Value comes from Latin valare or Old French valoir which means value. To the extent of its denotative meaning, valare, valoir, value, or value can be interpreted as price. (Sofyan Sauri and Achmad Hufad, 2007: 42). Price here can be interpreted as a number intelligence, such as assignment grades, test scores and report cards or can also be interpreted as quality or weight. Along with the rapidly developing and increasingly sophisticated technology, especially in the field of information technology, many results have been achieved by humans. Information has now become an inseparable part of human life. In this case, regarding the student academic grade data collection system, there are still those who use a manual system that has not been integrated with one another. Even though there are also many who collect student grades using a system, namely web-based, the process of inputting student data is carried out, then stored in a database. Web-based Student Learning Outcomes Data Processing Information System is a way that can help subject teachers and homeroom teachers in processing grades effectively and efficiently. The process of inputting grades does not need to be calculated manually which is then written into the score sheet provided by the school and submitted to the curriculum section. Subject teachers simply use the system that has been developed with a personal computer or laptop online at school. Then the student learning outcomes are entered into the student learning outcomes data processing information system and the data that has been entered will automatically be stored in the database. The data that has been stored will automatically form a report card leger which will then be viewed, stored or printed by the teacher. Learner Management 5 homeroom teachers as a reference for writing on student learning outcome reports. The system to be developed consists of three access rights, namely admin, subject teachers and homeroom teachers. Admin has access rights in the form of inputting, storing, editing, and deleting data consisting of teacher data, homeroom teacher data, student data, class data and subject data. Subject teachers have access rights in the form of inputting grades, the inputted grades consist of daily grades, assignment grades, Mid-Semester Test (UTS) grades, and Final Semester Test (UAS) grades. After the grades are inputted, they will be processed by the system and stored in the database. Furthermore, homeroom teachers have access rights to input student attendance, view, save and print the processed results of grades that have been stored in the database in the form of a grade leger. The value leger has been adjusted to the report card format, making it easier for homeroom teachers to copy student grades into the original report card. Based on the explanation that has been stated, the existence of a developed system can help the performance of teachers in processing grades and reporting the learning outcomes of their students without having to write down the results of student grades on the sheets of paper that have been provided, so that the system becomes more effective and efficient. B. Utilization of the Guidance and Counseling Function According to Hikmawati (2010:16), the functions of counseling guidance in schools are as follows: a. Comprehension Function. This function helps the counselee to have an understanding of himself (his potential) and his environment (education, work, and religious norms). Based on this understanding, the counselee is expected to be able to develop his potential optimally, and adjust to the environment dynamically and constructively. b. Preventive Function. This function is related to the counselor's efforts to always anticipate various problems that may occur and try to prevent them, so that they are not experienced by the counselee. Through this function, the counselor provides guidance to the counselee on how to Learner Management 6 avoid actions or activities that endanger themselves. The techniques that can be used are orientation, information, and group guidance services. Some of the problems that need to be informed to the counselees in order to prevent the occurrence of unwanted behavior. Among them are the dangers of drinking, smoking, drug abuse, dropping out and promiscuity. c. Development Function. This function is more proactive than the other functions. Counselors always strive to create a conducive learning environment, which facilitates the development of counselees. Counselors and other school personnel in synergy as a team work collaborate or cooperate to plan and implement guidance programs systematically and continuously in an effort to help counselees achieve developmental tasks. Guidance techniques that can be used here are information services, tutorials, group discussions or brainstorming, home rooms, and field trips. d. Healing Function. This function is curative. This function is closely related to efforts to provide assistance to counselees who have experienced problems, both regarding personal, social, learning and career aspects. Techniques that can be used are counseling and remedial teaching. e. Channeling Function. This function helps counselees choose extracurricular activities, majors or study programs, and strengthen mastery of careers or positions in accordance with their interests, talents, expertise, and other personality traits. In carrying out this function, counselors need to collaborate with other educators inside and outside educational institutions. f. Adaptation Function. This function assists education administrators, principals, staff, counselors and teachers to adapt educational programs to the educational background, interests, abilities, and needs of the counselee. By using adequate information on the counselee, the counselor can assist the teacher in treating the counselee appropriately, both in selecting and compiling school materials, selecting learning methods and processes and compiling learning materials according to the ability and pace of the counselee. Learner Management 7 g. Adjustment Function. This function helps counselees to adjust to themselves and their environment dynamically and constructively. h. Repair Function. This function helps counselees so that they can correct mistakes in thinking, feeling, and acting (willing). Counselors intervene (provide treatment) for counselees so that they have healthy, rational thinking patterns and have the right feelings so that they can lead them to productive and normative actions or wills. i. Facilitation Function. This function makes it easy for the counselee to achieve optimal growth and development, harmony, harmony, and balance in all aspects of the counselee. j. Maintenance Function. This function helps the counselee to be able to maintain himself and maintain the conducive situation that has been created in himself. This function facilitates the counselee to avoid conditions that will cause a decrease in self-productivity. The implementation of this function is realized through interesting, recreational, and facultative programs according to the interests of the counselee. C. Utilizing the Role of Guidance and Counseling Guidance and counseling are given to students in order to complete three important things in their lives, namely finding a person, getting to know the environment, and planning their future (Akhmad Muhaimin, 2011: 18). First, guidance and counseling is given to students in order to find a person. This is done by the counselor to find the strengths and weaknesses possessed by students. Knowing the strengths or potential of students is important so that they can be developed properly in the teaching and learning process carried out at school. Likewise, knowing the weaknesses of students, this is important so that students have a way of understanding how to accept well. After students can recognize themselves well, further guidance and counseling Learner Management 8 given to learners in order to get to know the environment. An important thing related to getting to know the school environment is getting to know your friends, the teachers, and anyone who is involved in the teaching and learning process at school. Part of getting to know the school environment is to understand well all the rules or regulations that work at school. In addition to knowing the rules or regulations, learners need to be familiar with all the facilities in the school. Knowing well all the facilities owned by the school is very useful in order to improve student achievement. In addition to knowing the school environment, learners also need to know the environment around where they live. Education that needs to be developed in students while undergoing the period is not only intellectual intelligence. In addition to intellectual intelligence, there are other intelligences that learn ers need to develop, namely social intelligence and spiritual intelligence. After learners can recognize the environment well, the counselor's job is to provide guidance and counseling related to future plans. In order to provide guidance related to planning for the future is to introduce learners to a variety of good jobs. Learners must be able to recognize their preferences for certain subjects or their interests and talents. So that learners have an idea and begin to align it with their interests, activities, and follow-up of the learning process. In order to complete three important things in terms of life, this is where the important role of guidance and counseling for students in schools. Learner Management 9 CHAPTER III CLOSURE UP A. Conclusion Value comes from the Latin valare or Old French valoir which means value. Information has now become an inseparable part of human life. In this case, regarding the student academic value data collection system, there are still those who use a manual system that has not been integrated with one another. Web-based student learning outcomes data processing information system is a way that can help subject teachers and homeroom teachers in processing grades effectively and efficiently. Subject teachers simply use the system that has been developed with a personal computer or laptop online at school. The system to be developed consists of three access rights, namely admin, subject teachers and homeroom teachers. There are several functions of guidance and counseling proposed by Hikmawati, namely the function of understanding, preventive function, development function, healing function, channeling function, adaptation function, adjustment function, repair function, facilitation function, and maintenance function that helps the counselee or counselor in achieving the objectives of the guidance and counseling. guidance and counseling is given to students in order to find a person. This is done by the counselor to find the strengths and weaknesses possessed by students, rules and regulations, and school facilities in order to improve student achievement. It needs to be developed in students while undergoing the period not only intellectual intelligence. In addition to intellectual intelligence, there are other intelligences that learners need to develop, namely social intelligence and spiritual intelligence. After students can recognize the environment well, the counselor's job is to provide guidance and counseling related to future plans. In order to provide guidance related to planning for the future is to introduce to learners various kinds of good jobs. Learner Management 10 B. Advice Based on the above conclusions, there are several suggestions that can be given, namely the need for system validation for each subject value that has been inputted. This is done so that there is no change in grades at a certain time. Monitor the effectiveness and efficiency of the program for further program development to anticipate future system needs. In addition, the advice that I can give regarding the utilization of the role and function of counseling guidance is that we must dare to be better by recognizing ourselves and their environment, be a professional counselor, counselors must master the role and function of counseling guidance, and we must be able to understand the problems that exist within us early on. Learner Management 11 LIBRARY LIST Hikmawati, F. (2010). Guidance Counseling. Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada. KBBI. Dictionary Big Language Indonesia (KBBI). [Online] Available at: http://kbbi.web.id/pusat, [Accessed November 3, 2020]. Sauri, Sofyan, Achmad Hufad. 2007. Value Education. Education Science and Application. Bandung: Grasindo Kasman, Hendra. 2017. Design of Web-Based Student Value Information System at SMAN Tunas Bangsa Pulau Burung. Journal of Computer Science and Business. 8(2) Azzet, A. Muhaimin. (2011). Guidance & Counseling at School. Jogjakarta: Ar -Ruzz Media. Wijaya, B. (1988). Guidance Psychology. Jakarta: Putra Pelajar. Learner Management 12