Low Carbon Tourism and Development

Low Carbon Tourism and Development Presentation Low Carbon Tourism and Economy Outline Low Carbon Tourism: Opportunities and Challenges Low Carbon Tourism Development Low Carbon Tourism and Economy Outline Low Carbon Tourism: Opportunities and Challenges Low Carbon Tourism Development Overview: Tourism Sector Growth ⮚ Tourism is one of the most dynamic economic sectors ⮚ 1 in 5 jobs created (globally) in 2018 was in the travel sector. ⮚ Tourism accounts for 10% of the product global gross domestic product (GDP). ⮚ 1.5 billion international tourist arrivals globally in 2019 ⮚ Estimated number of domestic arrivals and international each reached 15.6 billion and 1.8 billion by 2030. ⮚ Tourism is expected to provide benefits in socio-economic development and job creation around the world. Tourism and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) EMISSIONS ⮚ The international tourism industry is growing faster than overall global trade. ⮚ Environmental consequences are also evolving fast 🡺 Tourism sources most of the global GHGs and pressures on natural resources through overconsumption. ⮚ "Travel" activities account for 8% of global GHG emissions ⮚ The role of tourism in supporting development sustainable? ✓ Globally, tourism players recognize the need for tourism activities to reduce GHG emissions & calculating carbon footprint ✓ Carbon neutral tourism - A newly developing branch of tourism - Low Carbon Tourism 🡺 Low Carbon Economy Illustration Key Characteristics of a Low Carbon Economy Low-carbon production; Low-carbon energy; Low-carbon technology; Low-carbon transportation; Low-carbon consumption and lifestyle; Low-carbon housing and buildings; Low-carbon agriculture; ⑧ Low carbon city. Low Carbon Tourism and Economy Outline Low Carbon Tourism: Opportunities and Challenges Low Carbon Tourism Development URGENCY of Low Carbon Tourism ▪ Tourism 🡺 main category international trade in services as drivers of economic development. ▪ However, the impacts of climate change on tourism are significant and otherwise (Simpson, Gössling, Scott, Hall, & Gladin, 2008). ▪ World Trade Organization (WTO): tourism is responsible for about 3% of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2008. ▪ In 2018: Nature Climate Change, Lenzen et al. (2018) estimated the footprint of global tourism carbon +- 8% of all emissions. URGENCY of Low Carbon Tourism ✓ The tourism industry as an industry that potential in economic transformation low carbon (Luo and Zhang 2011). ✓ Low-carbon tourism: a fundamental way to realize sustainable development of the tourism industry (Tang et al. 2011; Yang 2010). ✓ The concept of "low carbon tourism" was first introduced by proposed at the Copenhagen conference in 2009. Low Carbon Tourism CONCEPT • The concept of low-carbon tourism was first proposed at the World Economic Forum (2009): "Towards a Low Carbon Travel and Tourism Industry". • Low-carbon tourism: new approaches in implementing sustainable development in the tourism industry 🡺 providing more economic, social & environmental benefits, through the use of low-carbon technologies, procedures for implementing carbon reduction mechanisms, and promotion of a lowcarbon tourism industry (Cai, 2010). • The main goal of low-carbon tourism: better tourism quality & lower pollution from transportation, accommodation, consumption, and other leisure aspects related to tourists' activities during travel and tourism activities (Liu, 2010). ELEMENTS supporting Low Carbon Tourism IMPLEMENTATION of Low Carbon Tourism • To reduce carbon emissions in the context of tourism, low-carbon tourism is proposed as an alternative type of tourism. • In order to encourage low carbon sustainable tourism development, tourism actors especially tourists can reduce emissions in the tourism sector by modifying the way of travel, i.e. closer tourist locations, using low emission transportation options, staying longer in one destination, using environmentally friendly local products, using alternative energy. and reduction of emissions/waste generated. The "EXPERIENCE" dimension of Low Carbon Tourism Types of experiences in low-carbon travel: 1. Sensory experience: sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell (Lee & Chang, 2012). With low carbon emission transportation, tourists can have more opportunities to see beautiful scenery, hear animal sounds, taste local food, and smell nature. 2. Affective experience: evokes tourists' positive emotions and feelings about tourism. Emotions come from contact and interaction with local people and destinations during travel and stimulate tourists' psychological responses involving experiences. Tourists transform sensory experiences into empathy and feel an emotional connection with a place, so as to reflect and change their behavior. 3. Learning experience: involves cognitive and problem-solving experiences during the trip. Learning experiences attract travelers who want to learn something new. For tourists, gaining knowledge related to the environment during Tourism is an important and achievable travel destination. The "EXPERIENCE" dimension in Low Carbon Tourism (2) 4. Socio-cultural experience: involving local people, culture, and food during travel (Dickinson et al., 2011). Travelers can get to know many things about local culture, local history, and traditions through sociocultural experiences (Stem, Lassoie, Lee, Deshler, & Schelhas, 2003). Travelers can experience the culture and life of local people deeply by using low-emission travel modes. Travelers can develop a sense of place (Lumsdon & McGrath, 2011). 5. Behavioral experience: refers to a specific type of tourist behavioral response through specific tourist stimuli (Brakus et al., 2009), and behavioral experience focuses on physical or behavioral changes. new. For example, by participating in environmental education tours, tourists can take different actions in life (such as seeking more information about environmental issues and accepting more responsibility at home and while traveling) to reduce negative impacts on the environment. 6. Escapism experience: refers to highly immersive activities/events in which tourists actively participate; tourists are actively engaged with activities that are completely different from what they experience in their daily lives so as to realize environmentally responsible behavior (Hosany & Witham, 2010). "Escaping" experiences are a dimension of nature-based recreation experiences, such as sailing experiences (Hosany & Witham, 2010), wildlife tourism experiences (Ballantyne et al., 2011a), and intertidal zone experiences (Lee, Jan, et al., 2015). Opportunities and Challenges for Low Carbon Tourism 1. Policies and Rules 2. Business/Tourism 3. Human Resources - Tourism management regulation - Law enforcement - Business model development on tourism - staff and managers: Service quality, interpretation, certification, awareness - travelers: awareness, lifestyle 4. Management 5. IT 6. Innovation - Visitor management, attraction management, synergy with other institutions (local and other sectors), quality control for waste issues and emission, carbon footprint - Digital Tourism - Differentiation and creative economy (e.g. added value from waste management) Low Carbon Tourism and Economy Outline Low Carbon Tourism: Opportunities and Challenges Low Carbon Tourism Development • Low carbon tourism (LCT) in Indonesia is in line with the sustainable tourism program that aims to respond to climate change, minimizing global warming and environmental damage. Low carbon destination, Indonesia • Policy & Regulation: ✓ Law No.10/2009 on Tourism ✓ PermenParekraf No. 14/2016 on destination guidelines sustainable tourism • At the national level, there are 3 (three) sustainable tourism initiatives (high quality and excellent tourist destinations) that support the LCT: 1) Sustainable Tourism Destinations (STD) 🡺 program; 2) Sustainable Tourism Observatory (STO) 🡺 project; 3) Sustainable Tourism Certification (STC) 🡺 award. Sustainable (Low Carbon) Tourism PROGRAM Some actions that have been taken: 1. Waste management & emission control initiatives (to ensure carrying capacity / acceptable level of change in (nature) tourism; 2. Traveler management; Interpretation for quality travel experiences; 3. Management & regulations tourist destinations; and 4. Community engagement, including tourist villages. Low Carbon Tourism Best Practices in Indonesia 1. Local community base: (from environmental disaster into a destination of choice through its bio-rock project in Pemuteran Village, Bali) 2. Local government: (Bali green province 🡺 Bali as a clean, healthy, comfortable, beautiful, and sustainable destination, with 3 main programs: 3 core programs: Green Economy, Green Culture, and Bali Clean and Green ) 3. Central government: (Sustainable Tourism through Efficiency with Adaptation and Mitigation Measures -STREAM project 🡺 cooperation between Kemenparekraf and UNWTO: in Pangandaran tourist area, West Java through implementation of renewable energy efficiency activities in hotels and restaurants, development of low carbon planning software, comprehensive Thank You!