Presentation Review: Social Inclusion In Sustainable Development

Social Inclusion in Sustainable Development Presentation Review Introduction (1) • The foundation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) includes economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. • Social Inclusion and the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda: The 1995 World Summit for Social Development outlined a vision of an inclusive society as a 'society for all' in which every individual, each with rights and responsibilities, has an active role to play. • So social inclusion, which is a form of social sustainability, requires efforts to overcome cultural and political barriers to participation at the local, national or global level. Introduction (2) • In Indonesia, the principle of equality is an important point that must be upheld by the government as a manifestation of state presence. • In the midst of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which places the issue of social inclusion in the goals of the development agenda in line with the principle of equality, this means that services from the government are for all. • In the context of inclusive services, access to services must consider several complex aspects, including: the availability of infrastructure that must meet minimum standards for persons with disabilities, accessibility, affordability of services and acceptance by persons with disabilities. Introduction (3) • Service providers' understanding of social inclusion must be internalized, such as not discriminating against services, providing space for people with disabilities to submit complaints about services, and criticism for improvement. • Inclusive service policies have been implemented by many local governments in various regions, which show seriousness towards partiality. and equality of services to people with disabilities in the region. • For example, up to 2017, 455 schools were recorded as inclusive schools or 22.5%, with a target of 1,200 inclusive schools. • This is a strategic step that basic public services that become parts of the basic rights of citizens are well accessed. Social Inclusion vs Social Exclusion (1) • Social exclusion (World Bank definition): The process by which community participation and solidarity declines, reflecting inadequate social cohesion or social integration. • At the individual level, social exclusion refers to the inability to participate in social activities and build meaningful social relationships. • The concept of social exclusion and inclusion spread to developing countries, by redefining the concept of economic development, which must also rely on a social approach or use an inclusive development approach. • The notion of inclusiveness is used as an approach to building and developing an environment that is increasingly open; inviting in and including all people with different backgrounds, characteristics, abilities, status, conditions, ethnicities, cultures and others. Social Inclusion vs Social Exclusion (2) • An inclusive environment is a social environment that is open, friendly, eliminates barriers, and is fun because every member of the community without exception respects and embraces every difference. • Open in the concept of an inclusive environment means that everyone who lives, resides, and does activities in the family, school, or community environment feels safe and comfortable getting their rights and carrying out their obligations. • The concept of social development can be achieved through better education, improved health and nutritional standards, eradication of poverty, improvement of environmental conditions, equalization of opportunities, equalization of individual freedoms, and invigoration of cultural life. Social Inclusion vs Social Exclusion (3) • Pierson (2002) points out that there are five forces that tend to drive the process of social exclusion, namely: poverty, low income, lack of access to the labor market, lack of social support and networks, and the effects of the surrounding area and neighborhood and the disconnection of public services. • With the various backgrounds above, there are ten stated categories of citizens who are socially excluded, namely: physically handicapped, mentally handicapped, suicidal, elderly, children victims of violence, substance users, child victims of delinquency, people with asocial behavior, single parents, group marginalized, and other people with social disabilities 🡺 are categorized as "socially excluded" which can hinder the process of sustainable development. Social Sustainability (1) Social sustainability • Human-related aspects of sustainability. • In the first decade after the emergence of the idea of sustainable development in 1987, the concept of social sustainability was "neglected" compared to the environmental and economic aspects of sustainability. • Environmental and economic issues seem to be the main focus of debate, and social aspects play a minor role in discussions about sustainability. • In the late 1990s, social sustainability was considered a fundamental aspect of the sustainability agenda. Social Sustainability (2) • The idea of social sustainability is not just about providing for the social well-being of specific individuals, but is closely related to maintaining a good level of social well-being. • There are several social aspects that are key to social welfare: 3. Inclusion 1. Equity 4. Opportunity 2. Understanding 5. Individual empowerment • Essentially, there is a link between social capital, sustainability and human capital. • The concept of social capital includes cognitive and structural aspects which include values, beliefs, perceptions, social relationships, social networks, and formal organizations. • There is also a more comprehensive view that emphasizes the role of social capital as actors that include other aspects such as economic capital, cultural capital, and symbolic capital. • In order to see the link between productivity and social capital, the objectives, beneficiaries and perspectives must be linked. Social Sustainability (3) • The pillar of social sustainability is inclusive and resilient communities with comprehensive government and community support that will drive growth and poverty reduction now and in the future. • Social sustainability operates alongside economic and environmental sustainability. • In previous years, the focus was on economic sustainability and, later, environmental sustainability due to growing concerns over climate change and biodiversity loss. • However, today with awareness of the challenges of vulnerability, persistent inequality and racial segregation, social sustainability has been recognized as a tool to promote growth and poverty reduction. Conceptual Framework of Social Sustainability • Cuthill argues that aspects of economic, and environmental sustainability are strongly reflected in the framework of social sustainability. • Environmental problems are actually social problems, because ecological sustainability will be managed by human impact on the natural environment, not the environment itself and basically people are served by the economy, not the economy served by people, which will play a role in the equitable distribution of resources. Factor Classification Social Sustainability (1) Social Sustainability FACTOR, consisting of: 1. Macro level 2. Micro Level Macro level factors: is the base or physical factor of: 1. Housing 2. Food 3. Clothing 4. Health (Helath) 5. Sanitation well-being, which consists of Factor Classification Social Sustainability Micro Level FACTORS: relate to quality of life and equality, consisting of: 1. SOCIAL: consists of Social and cultural life; Social cohesion; Integration and diversity; Communication and participation; Social amenity; Social safety; and Social capital and well being. 2. SERVICES: consists of Access to goods and services; Access to employment opportunities; Education; Training; and Income equality. 3. GOVERNANCE: Democracy; Government engagement; and Community systems engagement. Thank You!