Sustainable Tourism - Digital Presentation

Sustainable Tourism Presentation Outline Tourism, Economy and Environment Nature and Tourism Carrying Capacity Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Tourism Indicators Outline Tourism, Economy and Environment Nature and Tourism Carrying Capacity Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Tourism Indicators Economy, Tourism, and Environment The relationship between tourism and the environment from an economic perspective Linkages between tourism, economy and environment Economy - effect/policy tool - settlement tourism issues related to the environment Tourism, economy and environment linkage scheme Economy: Tourism and non-tourism sectors 🡺 Tourism suppliers and other suppliers ⮚ Suppliers use natural resources, for example: fuel, water, nature, etc. ⮚ Tourists use natural resources, for example: swimmers, hikers, etc. ⮚ Suppliers and consumers generate waste 🡺 recycle or dispose to environment Research results: tourism suppliers generate more waste than tourist activities, e.g.? Nature Tourism in Economic Perspective (1) 1. Tourism and the Environment have a two-way relationship, Example. 2. Ecotourism is growing 2 or 3 times as an industry (WTO) 3. The (nature) tourism economy is important, so that governments & residents of tourist destinations have incentives to protect the environment to ensure the sustainability of tourism 4. Preserving the environment/nature 🡺economic dividends co/: - Hawaii coral reef tourism = $360 million/year - China closes factory in Guilin as pollution threatens local nature tourism TOURISM ENVIRONMENT Nature Tourism in Economic Perspective (2) - Negative Impact: 1. Waste of natural resources, water & energy 2. Land, water, air pollution 3. Disrupt ecology and damage the environment - Positive Impact: 1. Raising funds for environmental sustainability 2. Raises awareness of environmental sustainability - Key issues: tourism - natural resources - open access / common good - tragedy of the open access resources / common - government policy - Environment affects tourism? Economy? Efforts to Minimize the Negative Impact of Tourism Examples of efforts to reduce the negative impact of tourism on the environment: 1. Reduce the use of natural resources by using as few tourist services and products as possible 2. Reducing waste from tourism activities by using new technologies for more efficient use of natural resources 3. Promote the use of recycled materials (e.g. reprocessing waste cooking oil from restaurants into fuel) Tourist businesses will engage in environmentally friendly activities if there are economic benefits Example: 1. Mexico hotel saves 20% on electricity costs by installing AC and light sensors 2. Honolulu laundry saves $3,000/month by using restaurant waste oil Outline Tourism, Economy and Environment Nature and Tourism Carrying Capacity Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Tourism Indicators DEFINITION Carrying Capacity - The threshold of land carrying capacity to the number of visitors, where visitors have the highest satisfaction and environmental sustainability is maintained (WTO) WEAKNESSE S • It is difficult to measure one's satisfaction - Threshold of land carrying capacity to the number of visitors (general) Carrying Capacity - Environmental carrying capacity of tourist attractions: flexible depends a lot factors (education, management, technology) Relationship between Improved Park Management, Visitor Education, and Park Protection Stress Level N N' B A 0 V0 V1V2 V3 optimal number of visits to tourist attractions Visits • Horizontal axis: Ʃ visits to tourist attractions (the most important determinant of environmental tsp pressure in ecosystems' sites). • 0N: the impact of tourism on the site's ecosystem. • A: current threshold level (ecosystem degradation' site Visible and decreased visitor experience) • V0: Ʃ visits that can be accommodated by tourism' site without pressure on the ecosystem (carrying capacity) • V3: Ʃ visits without any restrictions • OBJECTIVE: reduce the number of visits from V3 to V0. • Remember!!! V0 = Ʃ tourist visits (not an inflexible number of tourist visits) that the tourism' site can accommodate without putting excessive pressure on the ecosystem. • HOW: Tourism managers implement eco-friendly tourism practices, such as improving waste management facilities and educating visitors on travel behavior 🡺 stress tolerance levels sites can be upgraded from A to B and reduce the impact of the number of visitors on ecosystem sites from 0N to 0N'. • Number of visits can be increased from V0 to V2 CONTROL Carrying Capacity For carrying capacity control: 1. Price 2. First come first served (non-price) Price Advantage as a control: 1. Control the number of visitors 2. Create economic rent - less visitors but more income Example: Costa Rica, 1994 $1.5 to $15/org 3. Environmental sustainability fund CONTROL Carrying Capacity (2) - Price hikes are frowned upon by tourists: 1. high income 2. not a local resident 3. time constraints 4. long trip - First come first served is favored by tourists: 1. low income 2. locals 3. have plenty of time 4. little travel cost Outline Tourism, Economy and Environment Nature and Tourism Carrying Capacity Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Tourism Indicators SUSTAINABLE Tourism Our society will be defined not only by what we create, but what we refuse to destroy (John C. Sawhill) The birth of Sustainable Tourism: - WTO & UNESCO (April 1995) - World Conference on Sustainable Tourism - The WTO, UNESCO and WTTC (1996) launched the Agenda for 21 to industry travel 🡺 towards environmentally sustainable development SUSTAINABLE Tourism (2) • REMEMBER....! Sustainable Development - not focused on physical environmental sustainability alone - focused on development based on sustainability principles - comprehensive with culture, economy, policy • Definition of sustainable tourism 🡺 tourism environmentally friendly environment sustainable industry - • Sustainable tourism (WTO) 🡺 any form of development, use of public goods or tourist activity that emphasizes preservation of the environment. natural, cultural and social resources in the long term and contribute positively to the economic development and well-being of the people who live, work and travel in the area. Sustainable Tourism SYMBOLS 1. Natural, historical, cultural, other resources - conserved - for the future - present: profit 2. Tourism development - plan & manage - non environmental & social issues 3. Tourism environment - manage and build - as necessary environmental quality 4. Traveler satisfaction - marketability & popularity 5. Tourism benefits - society at large Sustainable Tourism REQUIREMENTS ( 2) Other Requirements: 1. 2. 3. 4. Community - keep the original culture Tourist attractions - still attracting tourists The environment is not destroyed Effective political frame work Sustainable tourism for a reason: 1. Economy 2. Public Relations 3. Marketing KEY GOALS of Sustainable Tourism 1. Awareness & understanding - tourism's contribution to the environment and economy 2. Equitable welfare & development 3. Improved - standard of living - community around tourism 4. Quality - traveler experience & satisfaction 5. Environmental quality - tourist attractions Weak vs Strong SUSTAINABILITY Degree of sustainability from very weak to very strong - Weak sustainability: resources - fully substitutable - Strong sustainability: resources tend to be intact, non-substitutable, need preservation 🡺 no decrease in the natural capital The degree of resource substitution depends on its use. ▪ As factor production 🡺 e.g: substitution high example: original rattan/marble souvenirs/tourist equipment can be replaced by imitations ▪ Use of directly 🡺 low substitution - Outline Tourism, Economy and Environment Nature and Tourism Carrying Capcity Sustainable Tourism Sustainable Tourism Indicators Sustainable Tourism INDICATORS - Commitment - sustainable tourism - accountability - tourism management commitment. indicator - Indicators of sustainable tourism, in general: Preservation of place; Intensity of use; Social impact; Waste management; Planning process; Ecosystem; Visitor satisfaction; Tourism contribution to local community. Sustainable Tourism INDICATOR (UN-WTO) Wellbeing of Host Communities Protection of Valuable Natural Assets Sustaining Cultural Assets Managing Scarce Natural Resources Community Participation in Tourism Limiting Impacts of Tourism Activity Tourist Satisfaction Controlling Tourist Activities and Levels Health and SafetyDestination Planning and Control Capturing Economic Benefits from Tourism Designing Products and Services Sustainability of Tourism Operations and Services Sustainable Tourism Indicators No. Criteria Indicator Local community satisfaction with tourism activities 1 Tourism village (destination) community welfare 2 Sustainability of cultural assets 3 Community participation in tourism 4 Visitor satisfaction 5 Health and Safety 6 Economic benefits of tourism 7 Protection of valuable natural The impact of tourism on society (community attitudes, social benefits, lifestyle changes) Local community access to facilities in tourist villages Gender equality Efforts to conserve batik motifs Community engagement and awareness (information, empowerment, participation, community action) Maintaining visitor satisfaction Accessibility (mobility, elderly visitors, disabled visitors) Health and safety of tourism workers Public safety (crime, risk, harassment, disorder) Seasonal aspects of tourism (infrastructure, product diversity, peak season) Economic leakage Employment Contribution of tourism to the existence of SDAL (participation of tourists in preserving SDAL, concern of tourism service actors for the environment) Economic benefits to the community and region Tourism and poverty alleviation (equality, MSMEs) Critical ecosystem protection efforts Sustainable Tourism Indicators No. Criteria Indicator Energy management 8 SDAL Management Climate change and tourism Water availability and conservation Drinking water quality Effluent treatment Solid waste treatment 9 Limitation of Impacts from Tourism Activities Air Pollution Noise level control Visual impact management of tourism facilities and infrastructure 10 Tourist activity control Regulate the intensity of use / carrying capacity of tourism activities Event management Integration of tourism in regional planning 11 Destination Planning and Supervision Development supervision Tourism-related transportation Air transportation Creation of tourist routes 12 Design of tourism products and services Provision of diverse experiences (product diversification, range of services) Sustainable tourism marketing (green marketing, market penetration) Protection of destination characteristics (branding, vision, marketing strategy) 13 Sustainability of tourism service operations Sustainability and environmental management policies in the implementation of tourism activities (environmental management, social responsibility) Thank You! 31