Servant Households

SERVANT HOUSEHOLDS: Job categories in the Imperial Family LATIN TITLE English SUBORDINATES Functions DISPENSATOR Chief Steward earlier this was performed by the atriensis maintenance, cleaning, food preparation, disbursements ARCARIUS keeper of the chest Tabularius accountant a manu / ad manum dictation clerk Librarius records keeper Ostiarius doorkeeper ATRIENSIS manager of the atrium ROGATOR social secretary -Ad Possessiones -Custos rationis patrimonii -insularius -diaetarchae -tricliniarchae -ministratores -praegustator -a cyatho -structor suite manager dining hall keepers waiters, footmen taster cupbearer/wine steward carver in charge of invitations and arrangements Ab admissione controlled the flow of visitors Nomenclator prompted the master/mistress as to visitor's name ab hospitiis servant in charge of guest accommodations SUPRA CUBICULARIOS Grand Chamberlain cubicularius chamberlain -ornatrix -tonsor/tostrix -a veste -ab ornamentis -ab ornamentis sacerdotalibus -vestipica -capsarius a purpuris dresser/chamber maid barber valet/mistress of the robes custodian of ceremonial garb unctor/unctrix masseur/masseuse -ad unguenta keeper of oils and perfumes puer a pedibus pedisequus delicia opsonator caterer libraria cellaria pantry supervisor cooks bakers cellerarius wine steward lanipedus textor vestifex sarcinator tailor fullones laundry servants calciator shoemaker structores builders fabri builders, smiths, carpenters marmorarius marble worker aquarius plumber specularii glaziers pictores interior decorators aurifex goldsmith inaurator gilder argentarius silversmith margaritarius jeweller colorator furniture conservator tuarius incense maker ab argento silver worker ab suppelectile furniture custodians a tabulis curator of art ad imagines in charge of the family busts a sede Augustae the Augusta's chair custodian AD VALETUDINARIUM hospital director supra medicos Chief of staff medicus doctor nutrix wet-nurse PAEDAGOGUS tutor grammatici teachers mensor measurer SUMMARY of job categories (based on Treggiari) Empress Livia 46 Marcella the Younger 12 Julio-Claudian Emperors 49 The Statilii Tauri 40 Trimalchio (Petronius Satyricon) 23+ Note: The above statistics, drawn from Treggiari (1975), indicate the number of job categories, not the number of personnel in the households indicated. They are based mostly on a collection of evidence from tomb inscriptions which mention occupations, and thus depend on the factor of survival; the complete number in each case is likely higher. • • • • Boulvert, Gérard, Esclaves et affranchis imperiaux sous le Haut-Empire romain: Rôle politique et administraftif (Naples 1970). Treggiari, Susan, "Jobs in the Household of Livia," Papers of the British School at Rome n.s. 30 [43] (1975) 48-75. Weaver, P. R. C., Familia Caesaris: A Social Study of the Emperor's Freedmen and Slaves (Cambridge 1972). Friedländer, Ludwig, Roman Life and Manners under the Early Empire 4 vv. (NY, reprint of ed. 1908-1913).