Chapter 5 Project Scope Management Completion

Multiple Choice 24. Which term describes a product produced as part of a project?  a. variance b. scope  c. deliverable d. work package ANSWER: c RATIONALE: Feedback: The term deliverable describes a product created as part of a project. Deliverables can be product related, such as a piece of hardware or software, or process-related, such as a planning document or meeting minutes. 25. Which statement best describes scope?  a. each level of work that is outlined in a work breakdown structure  b. end product created as part of a project that is delivered to the client  c. tasks that are decomposed into smaller tasks in a work breakdown structure  d. work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them ANSWER: d RATIONALE: Feedback: Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them. 26. Which action involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them?  b. Defining scope a. Collecting requirements  c. Controlling scope d. Validating scope ANSWER: a RATIONALE: Feedback: Collecting requirements involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products for the project as well as the processes used for creating them. The project team creates requirements documentation and a requirements traceability matrix as outputs of the requirements collection process. 27. Which action involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved?  a. Creating scope b. Defining scope  c. Controlling scope d. Validating scope ANSWER: b RATIONALE: Feedback: Defining scope involves reviewing the scope management plan, project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. 28. Which action involves normalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables?  a. Creating scope b. Defining scope  c. Controlling scope d. Validating scope ANSWER: d RATIONALE: Feedback: Validating scope involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables. Key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables during this process. 29. Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with which process in project scope management?  b. monitoring and a. plannin g controlling  c. closing d. executing ANSWER: a RATIONALE: Feedback: Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the planning process of the project scope management. 30. Which output documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed?  a. requirements traceability b. requirements management plan matrix  c. WBS d. project scope statement ANSWER: b RATIONALE: Feedback: The requirements management plan documents how project requirements will be analyzed, documented, and managed. 31. Which process involves generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization?  a. variance b. benchmarking  c. prototyping d. decomposition ANSWER: b RATIONALE: Feedback: Benchmarking, or generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization, can be used to collect requirements. 32. What is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed referred to as?  a. requirements traceability b. Gantt chart  matrix c. state transition table ANSWER: RATIONALE: d. entity-attribute-value model a Feedback: A requirements traceability matrix (RTM) is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed. 33. Which document contains a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project?  a. project charter b. business case  c. project scope d. work breakdown structure statement ANSWER: d RATIONALE: Feedback: After collecting requirements and defining scope, the next step in project scope management is to create a work breakdown structure. A work breakdown structure (WBS) is a deliverable oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope. 34. What is the main technique used in creating a WBS, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces? a. conglomeration c. decomposition ANSWER: RATIONALE:   b. accumulation d. catalyzation c Feedback: The main tool or technique involved in creating a WBS is decomposition—that is, subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. 35. Which task is at the lowest level of the WBS?  a. variance b. objective  c. deliverable d. work package ANSWER: d RATIONALE: Feedback: A work package is a task at the lowest level of the WBS. 36. Which document should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project?  b. scope statement a. project charter  c. WBS d. Gantt chart ANSWER: b RATIONALE: Feedback: The scope statement should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project. It is very important to ensure consistency between the project charter, scope statement, WBS, and Gantt chart to define the scope of the project accurately. 37. Which approach for constructing a WBS uses a similar project’s WBS as a starting point?  a. top-down b. bottom-up  c. mind-mapping d. analogy ANSWER: d RATIONALE: Feedback: A method for constructing a WBS is the analogy approach. In the analogy approach, you use a similar project’s WBS as a starting point. 38. Which approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail?  a. analogy b. bottom-up  c. top-down d. mind mapping ANSWER: c RATIONALE: Feedback: To use the top-down approach, start with the largest items of the project and break them into subordinate items. This process involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail. 39. Which approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items?  a. analogy b. bottom-up  c. top-down d. mind mapping ANSWER: c RATIONALE: Feedback: To use the top-down approach, start with the largest items of the project and break them into subordinate items. The top-down approach is best suited to project managers who have vast technical insight and a bigpicture perspective. 40. Which technique is used for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks?  a. analogy b. bottom-up  c. top-down d. mind mapping ANSWER: d RATIONALE: Feedback: Mind mapping is a technique that uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas. Instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks, mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format. 41. During which approach do team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS?  a. analogy b. bottom-up  c. top-down d. mind mapping ANSWER: b RATIONALE: Feedback: In the bottom-up approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible. They then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS. Project managers often use the bottom-up approach for projects that represent entirely new systems or approaches to doing a job, or to help create buy-in and synergy with a project team. 42. Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using which approach?  a. analogy approach only b. bottom-up or analogy approach  c. top-down or bottom-up approach d. any approach ANSWER: c RATIONALE: Feedback: You could conduct mind mapping for an entire project by listing the project in the center of a diagram and adding branches or develop a mind-mapping diagram for each deliverable and merge them to create one large diagram for the entire project. 43. Which is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?  a. Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it.  b. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.  c. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible.  d. The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it. ANSWER: b RATIONALE: Feedback: Some basic principles apply to creating any good WBS and its WBS dictionary. Firstly, a unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. The work content of a WBS item is the sum of the WBS items below it. 44. What is scope creep?  a. the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger  b. subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces  c. the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS.  d. a task at the lowest level of the WBS ANSWER: a RATIONALE: Feedback: Scope creep refers to the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger. 45. What process involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders?  a. Scope validation b. Scope planning  c. Scope control d. Scope baseline ANSWER: a RATIONALE: Feedback: Scope validation involves formal acceptance of the completed project deliverables. This acceptance is often achieved by a customer inspection and then sign-off on key deliverables. 46. Which term refers to the difference between planned and actual performance?  a. Decomposition b. Variance  c. Scope validation d. Scope creep ANSWER: b RATIONALE: Feedback: Variance is the difference between planned and actual performance. 47. Which process involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system?  a. Prototyping b. Variance  c. Decomposition d. Use case modeling ANSWER: a RATIONALE: Feedback: Prototyping involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system. 48. Which process involves identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them?  a. Prototyping b. JAD  c. RAD d. Use case modeling ANSWER: d RATIONALE: Feedback: Use case modeling is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them. It is an effective tool for understanding requirements of information systems. 49. Which process uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders —the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems?  a. Prototyping b. JAD  c. RAD d. Use case modeling ANSWER: b RATIONALE: Feedback: Joint Application Design (JAD) uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders — the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on —to jointly define and design information systems.