Lecture Note
Technology Innovation
-
University:
California State University, Northridge -
Course:
MSE 602 | Entrepreneurship and Innovation for Engineering Professionals Academic year:
2024
-
Views:
420
Pages:
23
Author:
Yareli Key
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION PROCESSES
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION CONCEPTS PRODUCT-ORIENTED CONVERSION PROCESS
(pre-WW II, per Twiss) TECHNOLOGY/MARKET-ORIENTED CONVERSION PROCESS
(post-WW II, per Twiss) THREE-PHASE PROCESS
(by early 1980s, per Walcoff) COUPLING PROCESS
(by early 1980s, per Rothwell) INTEGRATIVE PROCESS
(late 1980s, per Kamm) INTEGRATIVE PARALLEL PROCESS
(late 1980s, per Graves) INTEGRATIVE SYSTEM PROCESS
(early 1990s, per Bursic & Cleland) TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION PROCESSES
APPROACHES TO INNOVATION CONCEPTS SYSTEMATIC INNOVATION
(Drucker)
“… systematic innovation … consist of the
purposeful and organized search for changes,
and in the systematic analysis of the opportunities
such changes might offer …” SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–1)
1) The unexpected
2) Incongruity
3) Process need
4) Industry/market structure
5) Demographics
6) Perception
7) New knowledge SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–2)
1) THE UNEXPECTED
The product, process, etc. for which there were no great
expectations yet it did very well; the product process, etc. for
which there was every reason to expect success yet it failed; an
unanticipated market opens up.
2) INCONGRUITY
When demand grows steadily but profitability does not; some
portion of a process that seems awkward; when producers,
suppliers, etc. have arrogant beliefs about what is needed or
wanted. SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–3)
3) PROCESS NEED
Task-focused; perfecting a process that already exist, replacing a
link that is weak, redesigning a process around new knowledge,
making possible a process by supplying the missing link.
4) INDUSTRY/MARKET STRUCTURE
Rapid growth of an industry; viability of the traditional market
definition and segmentation; convergence of technologies; the
way business is done is changing rapidly. SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–4)
5) DEMOGRAPHICS
Changes in the population; its size, composition, employment,
educational status, age structure, income, etc.
6) PERCEPTION
When a change in perception takes place, the facts do not change,
but their meaning does. SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–5a)
7) NEW KNOWLEDGE
The “super-star” of entrepreneurship and innovation; the
knowledge is not necessarily scientific or technical; amongst
history-making innovations, knowledge-based innovations rank
high.
CHARACTERISTICS OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED INNOVATIONS
(1) The longest lead time of all innovations (e.g., 25-30 years)
(2) Almost always based on the convergence of several different kinds of
knowledge SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–5b)
7) NEW KNOWLEDGE (CON’T)
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED
INNOVATION:
(1) Careful analysis of all of the necessary factors
(2) A clear focus on the strategic position
(3) Ability to learn and practice entrepreneurial management SOURCES OF INNOVATIVE OPPORTUNITY
(Drucker–5c)
7) NEW KNOWLEDGE (CON’T)
UNIQUE RISKS OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED INNOVATION:
(1) The window of opportunity for establishing a position is small
(2) A “shake-out” sets in as soon as the window of opportunity
closes
(3) There must be receptivity to the knowledge-based innovation INNOVATION DIMENSIONS
(Kamm)
FORM
FUNCTION
EXTENT
TIMING INNOVATION DIMENSIONS
(Kamm - 1)
FORM
Generation or adoption of:
- Technology
(product, process service)
- Market
(users, buyers, clients)
- Organization
(structure, function) INNOVATION DIMENSIONS
(Kamm - 2)
FUNCTION
Improves quality
Reduces cost
Performs new functions
Enhances current market attractiveness
Increases current market offerings
Enters market not currently served
Improves learning curve
Enhances economies of scale
Permits production of better-quality offering
Enhances human growth and potential INNOVATION DIMENSIONS
(Kamm - 3)
EXTENT INNOVATION DIMENSIONS
(Kamm - 4)
TIMING
(introduction or adoption)
First-to-market
Quick second
Quick third
Late follower
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