ATI Remediation Part A Peds

ATI Remediation Part A Peds Developmental Milestones of a 4 year old The preschool child demonstrates increasing motor skills by catching a large ball, serving food or pouring drinks with supervision, unbuttoning buttons, holding a crayon or pencil correctly, and drawing a person with three or more body parts. The preschool child shows advancing language and cognitive development by speaking in simple sentences of four or more words, naming colors, recalling parts of familiar stories or songs, talking about daily events, answering simple questions, and asking questions to learn more. Support the preschool child's social, emotional, and cognitive development by reinforcing positive behaviors, encouraging play with other children, providing a calm bedtime environment, answering questions, and promoting learning through activities involving colors, shapes, and sizes. Recommending Play Activities of a 4 year old child Playing ball, riding tricycles, skating, and putting puzzles together help strengthen gross and fine motor skills while improving coordination and problem-solving abilities. Pretend play, dress-up activities, role playing, hand puppets, reading books, painting, simple sewing, and musical toys encourage creativity, imagination, language development, and social interaction. Wading pools, sandboxes, computer programs, and electronic games provide opportunities for sensory exploration, learning, and recreation when used with appropriate supervision and age-appropriate limits. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Sodium Polystrene Sulfonate Severe hyperkalemia requires prompt treatment to stabilize the heart and lower potassium levels using calcium salts, insulin with glucose, sodium bicarbonate, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, peritoneal dialysis, or hemodialysis. Treatment choice depends on the severity of hyperkalemia, ECG changes, kidney function, and the underlying cause of the elevated potassium level. Continuous cardiac monitoring, frequent electrolyte assessment, and correction of the underlying cause are essential nursing priorities during treatment. Providing Teaching About Nystatin Administer liquid medications by following dilution and shaking instructions, pouring the medication at eye level with the base of the meniscus at the prescribed dose for accurate measurement. Do not administer oral medications to clients who are vomiting, have decreased gastrointestinal motility, lack a gag reflex, have difficulty swallowing, or have a decreased level of consciousness. Position the client upright at a 90-degree angle during oral medication administration to promote safe swallowing and reduce the risk of aspiration. Identifying Priority Findings for a School-Aged Child who is experiencing vaso -occlusive crisis An expected oxygen saturation range is 95% to 100%, with acceptable levels of 91% to 100%; some chronic illnesses may have baseline levels of 85% to 89%, while readings below 90% indicate hypoxemia. Prioritize clients with acute conditions over those with chronic conditions, as acute problems require more immediate assessment and intervention. Clients with urgent needs or unstable findings should always be prioritized over those with nonurgent needs or stable conditions. Anticipating Actions to Take for an Adolescent Who is Experiencing a Pneumothorax Chest tubes are inserted into the pleural space to drain air, blood, or fluid, restore negative intrapleural pressure, and promote lung re-expansion. Before and during chest tube insertion, obtain informed consent, gather supplies, monitor vital signs, oxygen saturation, and drainage, administer pain medication as prescribed, and report any abnormalities to the provider. After insertion, continuously monitor the client's vital signs, chest tube placement, drainage system function, dressing, and respiratory status, while administering oxygen therapy as needed. Providing Discharge Teaching to the Parent of a Child Who Has Lead Poisoning Eliminate lead-based paint and other environmental sources of lead to reduce the risk of lead poisoning in children. Teach families to avoid exposure to potential toxins such as certain plants, cosmetics, and heavy metals that can cause poisoning. Lead poisoning commonly occurs from ingestion of lead-based paint chips, contaminated soil, or dust, making prevention and early identification essential. Evaluating the plan of Care for A Infant Who Has Acute Laryngotracheobronchitis Croup usually presents with a low-grade fever, a barky "seal-like" cough, hoarseness, inspiratory stridor, difficulty breathing, and retractions. Infants and toddlers may also have nasal flaring, rapid breathing, and symptoms that often become worse at night. Nursing care focuses on keeping the child comfortable by providing cool mist humidity, administering oxygen if needed, monitoring oxygen saturation, and encouraging fluids if the child can safely drink. Medications may include nebulized racemic epinephrine for severe airway swelling, dexamethasone to reduce inflammation, antipyretics for fever, IV fluids if oral intake is not good , antibiotics if the infection is bacterial, and antivirals if influenza is occurring. Planning Care for an Infant Who Has an Epidural Hematoma Monitor the client closely by assessing vital signs, level of consciousness, pupil response, intracranial pressure, motor function, sensory responses, and verbal responses at regular intervals. Use the Glasgow Coma Scale as needed to evaluate neurological status. Maintain normal body temperature and ensure the airway remains open by providing oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation if required. Monitor oxygen saturation and administer prescribed oxygen to maintain adequate oxygen levels. Promote safety by implementing seizure precautions, including keeping side rails up and padded, and ensuring the call light is within reach to prevent injury. Indications of Diabetes Insipidous For urine testing, think dilute because excessive water loss causes large amounts of dilute urine. This results in decreased urine specific gravity, decreased urine osmolality , and decreased 24-hour urine sodium levels . For blood testing, think concentrated because water loss causes the blood to become more concentrated. Findings include increased serum osmolality and increased serum sodium levels. Copeptin levels may also be measured because copeptin and antidiuretic hormone are released together when the body responds to increased plasma osmolality or decreased blood volume.