Personality Freud

PERSONALITY our characteristic pattern of thinking, Feeling. and acting. Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic theory: proposed that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. view human behavior as a dynamic interaction between the conscious and unconscious mind, including associated motives and conflics. Humastic theories: Focus on our inner capacities for growth and self-fullfillment. Trait theories: examine characteristic patterns of behavior (traits) Social-cognitive theories: explore the inteaction between people's traits (including their thinking) and their social context. Psychoanalysis: his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques FREUD'S PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE: EXPLORING THE UNCONSCIOUS Unconscious: information processing of which we are unaware. : a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, Feelings, and memories. Free association: a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarassing PERSONALITY STRUCTURE Id: a reservoic of unconscious psychic energy that, according to treud, strives to satisfy basic sexual and agressive drives. 'operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification Ego: the partly conscious, "executive' part of personality that, according to trend, mediates among the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain. Superego: the partly conscious part of personality that, acording to freud, represents internalized ideas and provides standarts for judgement (the conscience) and for future aspirations. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Psychosexual stages: the childhood stages of development during which according to freud, the id's pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct pleasure-rensitive areas of the bocly called erogenous 20 mes Oral 10-19 months): mouth, sucking, bitting, chewing Ana) (18-34 months): bowel and bladder elimination, coping with the demands of control. Phallic (3-6 years) genitals; coping with incentroos restal peenngs Latency (a-puberty) phase of dormant sexual Feelings Genital (puberty on) maturation of sexual interests. Oedipus complex: according to Freud, a boy's sexual desires toward his feeling and feelings and hatred for the rival Father. ings of jealousy Electra complex: opporite of Oedipus complex. Identification process: the process, according to freud, children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos Fixate in cognition, the inability to res a problem from one perspective; an obstacle to problem solving. in psychoanalytic theory, a lingering Focus of pleasure-seeking energios at an earlier psychosexual stage, in which conflics were unresolved. DETENSE MECHANISMS, tactics that reduce or redirect anxiety by distorting reality. F: all defense mechanisms punctioned indirectly and unconsciously. Repression: the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. G Defense Mechanisms Regression retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixed. Reaction Formation: Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposite Projection Disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others. Rationalization Offering self-justifying explainations in place of a real, more threatning unconscious reason for one's actions Displacement Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatning object or person Denial Refusing to believe or even percieve painful realities Sublimation: channeling negative energy and impulses to positive, socially acceptable behavior. THE NEO-FREUDIAN and LATER PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORISTS Collective unconscious: Carl Jung's concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces From our species history. EVALUATING FREUD'S PSYCHOANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE and MODERN VIEWS OF THE UNCONSCIOUS MODERN RESEARCH CONTRADICTS MANY OF FREUD'S IDEAS split schi 70 mind phrenia' Psychotic disorder: a group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality. Symptoms positive in appropriate behaviors are present negative appropriate behaviors are absent Disturbed Perceptions and beliefs Hallucinate seeing, hearing, tasting, Feeling or smelling things that exist only in their minds. Delusions: a False belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. Disorganized speech: Diminished and Inappopriate Emotions Catatonia: motor otor behaviors rang ranging fr From physical stupor (remaining motionless for hours), to senseless, compulsive actions to severe and dangerous agitations Chronic Schizophrenia: 'process schizophrenia' symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age. psychotic episodes last longer and recovery period shortens. Acute Schizophrenia: reactive schizophrenia" begin at any age frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event, and from which recovery is much more likely. UNDERSTANDING SCHIZOPHRENIA Brain abnormalities - Dopamine overactivity Abnormal brain activity and anatomy Prenatal Environment and Risk Genetic Factors Environmental friggers DISOCIATIVE DISORDERS Disociative Disorders: a person's conscious awareness dissociates (separates) From pain ful memories, thoughts, and feelings.