APUSH Period 2 Key Terms and Figures

APUSH LT#2 Period 2 Term "A Visible Saint" Predestination Definition Puritans that felt a full conversion experience and embodied Christian traits of those that would be saved, thus considered a full member of the Puritan faith. The Puritan belief, preached by John Calvin, that, before birth, God has already chosen whether a person would attain salvation or be damned to Hell for eternity. Significance People became moral beings in order to become a "visible saint" Puritans would often work harder in hopes of reaching salvation Puritans settlements to prosperity "Protestant Work Protestants believed that diligence and hard labor Lead and allowed them to sustain themselves Ethic" would please God and lead to prosperity longer than other settlements The Puritan belief in which authority over clerical Self-government became popular with Congregational appointments and religious doctrine belonged to other settlements, such as with the Church local organization Pilgrims Roger Williams Providence Anne Hutchinson "Antinomianism" Thomas Hooker Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Pequot War Metacom A religious dissident, originally a Puritan minister in Salem, Massachusetts, that founded Providence Settlement in the Rhode Island colony founded by Roger Williams in 1644 A woman in the Massachusetts Bay settlement who disagreed with the belief that salvation could be earned through good deeds. She was eventually exiled and settled in Rhode Island. Established the colony of Rhode Island in 1644 Allowed many religious dissidents to practice religious freedom She embodied the discrimination against Puritan women who were unable to vote in church affairs and could not be ministers or preachers from Anne Hutchinson's claim The belief that Christians are freed from the moral Stemmed that salvation cannot be attained from law by divine grace good deeds established the town of Hartford and A former Puritan minister in Salem, Massachusetts He created the self-governing colony of who was banished from the colony for advocating Connecticut with a charter from King toleration and questioning Puritan values Charles II in 1660. The first written constitution for the Connecticut colony created in 1639 In 1636, a Puritan militia attacked a Pequot village in response to the Pequot's resistance to English encroachment on Connecticut River Valley Lands. The Indian Wampanoag leader, who believed that White settlers needed to be defeated, and attacked white settlements throughout New England. Formed the basis of democratic regime The English's perspective of Indians as "savages" was reinforced, thus increasing the amount of missions established Formed military alliances with the Narragansetts and Nipmucks King Philip’s War A war started by Metacom that lasted from 16751676 Resulted in thousands of both English and native deaths, which drove Indians into the backcountry Henry Hudson In 1609, he was sent by the Dutch to locate a navigable route to the East Indies Stumbled upon the rich fur trade New Netherlands Patroonship Peter Stuyvesant Quakers Helped accelerate the fur trade as trade Dutch colony founded by the West India Company relationships formed with Indian tribes, such as the Iroquois A landholder in New Netherlands was given manorial and propriety rights to large tracts of land Advanced the colonization of New York under Dutch colonial rule The governor of New Amsterdam who ruled in an Because of his rule, the residents of New authoritarian fashion and rejected the demands of Netherland offered little resistance when English Puritans for a representative system of England invaded the colony in 1664 government Persecuted in England for having a pacifist politcy towards Indians and refused to pay taxes to support the Church of England and serve in the Their radical beliefs influenced William Penn's Frame of Government (1681)which prohibited a legally established church and allowed all William Penn Proprietary Colony military; rejected Calvinist doctrines and condemned extravagance After being granted Pennsylvania from Chares II, he molded the colony into a safe haven for Quakers and advocated their beliefs A colony given by private people favored by a governmenpersecutiont property-owning men to vote and hold office Created a society that supported political and gender equality Used as a way for rulers to pay off political and economic debts As the first law to support religious Maryland Act of Granted all Christian denominations to practice toleration, the Act helped prevent Toleration their religion with minimal persecution religious persecution Established the basis of colonial government through colonial assemblies A colony founded by officials or people appointed Royal Colony gaining more authority over that of by sovereign rulers. royally-appointed governors and council members James Oglethorpe The British general and member of Parliament Founded the colony of Georgia The first permanent English settlement in Jamestown A British settlement in the colony of Virginia North America, established in 1607 Charter colonies were established in A colony funded by a royal grant under the control North America by England to begin Charter Colony of an individual, trading company, etc and exempt settlements to find resources and trade from interference by the Crown routes They were the first major group to have contact with the settlers at Jamestown Powhatan Indians A Virginia Indian confederation of 30+ tribes and were known for their hospitality towards them. He led an exploration along the rivers of English explorer and leader of the Virginia Colony Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay and was John Smith based in Jamestown the first English explorer to map the Chesapeake Bay area and New England. Notable for her association with the settlement at Jamestown, The daughter of Powhatan, the chief of a network colonial Pocahontas Virginia. Her marriage with John Rolfe of Indian tribal nations in Virginia brought temporary peace between the English and Indians. A period of starvation at Jamestown in the Virginia Most of the colonists died and it was "Starving Time" Colony during the winter of 1609–1610 in which unclear whether the new settlement all but 60 of the 215 colonists died would survive. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop One of the early English settlers of North America in the Colony of Virginia and his marriage John Rolfe and spouse to Pocahontas with Pocahontas brought temporary peace between the English and the Indians. Indentured servants were critical to A worker, typically a laborer or tradesman, under economic expansion because of their contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, Indentured cheap labor. Indentured servitude was a typically seven years, in exchange for their Servants popular way for immigrants to come to transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other America and created stronger social necessities. stratification in society. System set up by the London company in 1618 that Contributed to the expansion of the 13 "Headright gave land to colonists who paid their own way to System" British colonies Virginia, or paid the way for someone else It was created as part of an effort to The first assembly of elected representatives of encourage English craftsmen to settle in Virginia House of English colonists in North America, established by North America and to make conditions in Burgesses the Virginia Company the colony more agreeable for its current inhabitants. Three wars fought between the English settlers of The wars resulted in a boundary being Anglo-Powhatan the Virginia Colony, and the Indians of the defined between the Indians and English Wars Powhatan Confederacy in the early seventeenth lands that could only be crossed for century official business with a special pass. Church of England The officially established Christian church in As the English explored and settled in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide other parts of the world, they introduced Anglican Communion Puritans Religious extremists who came to North America to escape persecution in their native countries. They believed that humans were corrupt and that people should live their lives according to the Law of God. new people to the Anglican Church, and numerous churches around the world began to follow the doctrine and principles of this church. They established communities in which they led very strict lives based on strict religious values and principles. They established the first form of Early settlers of the second successful English representative government in America "Pilgrims" settlement, Plymouth Colony, established in 1620. with a written governing document They fled England seeking religious freedom. (Mayflower Compact). They also made a separation of church and state. The first governing document of Plymouth Colony It established a civil government based and the first case of colonial self-government in Mayflower upon a majoritarian model and America. It was drafted by the pilgrims who Compact proclaimed the settlers' allegiance to the crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower and king. was signed on November 21, 1620. One of the earliest successful colonies to be founded by the English in North An English colonial venture in North America from America and the first sizable permanent Plymouth Bay 1620 to 1691. English settlement in the New England region He was the second signer and primary An English Separatist leader of settlers at architect of the Mayflower Compact. He William Bradford Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. He served as was also the person who proclaimed the governor for over 30 years. first Thanksgiving. He was the Native American who assisted the Pilgrims after their first Squanto A Patuxet Indian winter in the New World and was integral to their survival. In March 1621, several months after the Mayflower landed, he journeyed to The sachem, or leader, of the Wampanoag Plymouth and established peaceful Massasoit Confederacy relations with the settlers, with whom he shared techniques of planting, fishing, and cooking. Frictions arose over cultural differences Massachusetts Bay An English settlement on the east coast of North with the local Native peoples. These led Colony America in the 17th century, in New England. to the Pequot War (1636–1638), and then to King Philip's War (1675–1676). The migration of English settlers, primarily Puritans to Massachusetts, 1630-1640. They came Created a "nation of saints": an intensely "Great Migration" in family groups and were motivated by a quest for religious community designed to be an freedom to practice their Puritan religion and by example for all of Europe the concept of forming a "city on a hill." The General Court was responsible for The bicameral state legislature of the enacting laws in the state. The two General Court Commonwealth of Massachusetts legislative branches worked concurrently on pending laws brought before them. He served as governor for 12 years and his writings and vision of the colony as a A wealthy English Puritan lawyer and one of the Puritan "city upon a hill" dominated New John Winthrop leading figures in the founding of the England colonial development, and Massachusetts Bay Colony influenced the government and religion of neighboring colonies. John Winthrop's 1630 sermon for Massachusetts' Molded a representative political system "A Model of that he hoped would inspire religious reform that ensured rule by the godly Christian Charity" Bay through Cristendom Virginia Company A commercial enterprise based in London that of London governed the colony of Virginia (160-1624) The London Company was responsible for establishing the Jamestown Settlement, the first permanent English settlement in North America, in 1607.