American History Multiple-Choice Quiz

Practice Multiple Choice Test #1 Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case. 1. Alexander Hamilton’s economic program was designed primarily to (A) prepare the United States for war in the event Britain failed to vacate its posts in the Northwest (B) provide a platform for the fledgling Federalist Party’s 1792 campaign (C) establish the financial stability and credit of the new government (D) ensure northern dominance over the southern states in order to abolish slavery (E) win broad political support for his own candidacy for the presidency in 1792 2. The development of the early nineteenth-century concept of “separate spheres” for the sexes encouraged all of the following EXCEPT (A) acceptance of a woman as the intellectual equal of a man (B) idealization of the “lady” (C) designation of the home as the appropriate place for a woman (D) emphasis on child care as a prime duty of a woman (E) establishment of a moral climate in the home 3. The presidential election of 1840 is often considered the first “modern” election because (A) the slavery issue was first raised in this campaign (B) there was a very low turnout of eligible voters (C) voting patterns were similar to those later established in the 1890’s (D) both parties for the first time widely campaigned among all the eligible voters (E) a second era of good feeling had just come to a close, marking a new departure in politics 4. The graph above refutes which of the following statements? (A) There were more Black people than White people in the antebellum South. (B) Most southern families held slaves. (C) Most southern families lived in rural areas. (D) The southern population was much smaller than that of the North. (E) Slaveholders were an extremely powerful group. 5. Frederick Jackson Turner’s “frontier hypothesis” focused on the importance of (A) the traditions of western European culture (B) the absence of a feudal aristocracy (C) Black people and Black slavery (D) the conflict between capitalists and workers (E) the existence of cheap unsettled land 6. During the closing decades of the nineteenth century, farmers complained about all of the following EXCEPT (A) rising commodity prices (B) high interest charges (C) high freight rates (D) high storage costs (E) large middleman profits 7. The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine did which of the following? (A) Prohibited United States intervention in the Caribbean. (B) Warned against European seizure of the Panama Canal. (C) Sought to end the wave of nationalization of American-owned property in the Caribbean. (D) Declared the United States to be the “policeman” of the Western Hemisphere. (E) Provided United States military support for democratic revolutions in Latin America. 8. One of the principal reasons the “noble experiment” of Prohibition failed was that it led to an enormous increase in (A) drinking among minors (B) absenteeism among factory workers (C) the divorce rate (D) child abuse (E) law enforcement costs 9. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that (A) was a forerunner of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (B) established free public colleges in the United States (C) declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal (D) established free public elementary and secondary schools in the United States (E) provided for federal support of parochial schools 10. Joseph McCarthy’s investigative tactics found support among many Americans because (A) evidence substantiated his charges against the army (B) there was widespread fear of communist infiltration of the United States (C) both Truman and Eisenhower supported him (D) he worked closely with the FBI (E) he correctly identified numerous communists working in the State Department 11. The Tet offensive of 1968 during the Vietnam War demonstrated that (A) bombing North Vietnam had severely curtailed Vietcong supplies (B) the army of South Vietnam was in control of the South (C) American strategy was working (D) a negotiated settlement was in the near future (E) the Vietcong could attack major cities throughout South Vietnam 12. Liberty of conscience was defended by Roger Williams on the grounds that (A) all religions were equal in the eyes of God (B) the signers of the Mayflower Compact had guaranteed it (C) Puritan ideas about sin and salvation were outmoded (D) theological truths would emerge from the clash of ideas (E) the state was an improper and ineffectual agency in matters of the spirit 13. By the end of the seventeenth century, which of the following was true of women in New England? (A) They had begun to challenge their subordinate role in society. (B) They were a majority in many church congregations. (C) They voted in local elections. (D) They frequently divorced their husbands. (E) They could lead town meetings. 14. The First Great Awakening led to all of the following EXCEPT (A) separatism and secession from established churches (B) the renewed persecution of witches (C) the growth of institutions of higher learning (D) a flourishing of the missionary spirit (E) a greater appreciation for the emotional experiences of faith 15. The Embargo Act of 1807 had which of the following effects on the United States? (A) It severely damaged American manufacturing. (B) It enriched many cotton plantation owners. (C) It disrupted American shipping. (D) It was ruinous to subsistence farmers. (E) It had little economic impact. 16. The National Road was constructed primarily for the purpose of (A) demarcating the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase (B) promoting trade and communication with the Old Northwest (C) opening the Southwest to ranchers (D) assisting the movement of settlers to the Oregon Country (E) relieving overpopulation and crowding in the Northeast 17. The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT: (A) Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base. (B) The use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting. (C) Westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial. (D) God had selected America as a chosen land and people. (E) The ultimate extent of the American domain was to be from the tropics to the Arctic. 18. Which of the following statements about woman suffrage is true? (A) The six states of New England were the first to have complete woman suffrage. (B) Woman suffrage was introduced into the South during Radical Reconstruction. (C) No state granted woman suffrage before 1900. (D) The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi. (E) California and Oregon were the first states to have complete woman suffrage. 19. The American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers organized (A) skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains (B) all industrial and agricultural workers in “one big union” (C) unskilled workers along industrial lines (D) workers and intellectuals into a labor party for political action (E) workers into a fraternal organization to provide unemployment and old-age benefits 20. In the period 1890–1915, all of the following were generally true about African Americans EXCEPT: (A) Voting rights previously gained were denied through changes in state laws and constitutions. (B) Back-to-Africa movements were widely popular among African Americans in urban areas. (C) African American leaders disagreed on the principal strategy for attaining equal rights. (D) Numerous African Americans were lynched, and mob attacks on African American individuals occurred in both the North and the South. (E) African Americans from the rural South migrated to both southern and northern cities. 21. Conservative Republican opponents of the Treaty of Versailles argued that the League of Nations would (A) isolate the United States from postwar world affairs (B) prevent the United States from seeking reparations from Germany (C) violate President Wilson’s own Fourteen Points (D) limit United States sovereignty (E) give England and France a greater role than the United States in maintaining world peace 22. Which of the following best characterizes the stance of the writers associated with the literary flowering of the 1920’s, such as Sinclair Lewis and F. Scott Fitzgerald? (A) Sympathy for Protestant fundamentalism (B) Nostalgia for the “good old days” (C) Commitment to the cause of racial equality (D) Advocacy of cultural isolationism (E) Criticism of middle-class conformity and materialism 23. Which of the following is true of the forced relocation of Japanese Americans from the West Coast during the Second World War? (A) President Roosevelt claimed that military necessity justified the action. (B) The Supreme Court immediately declared the action unconstitutional. (C) The relocation was implemented according to congressional pro-visions for the internment of dissidents. (D) The Japanese Americans received the same treatment as that accorded German Americans and Italian Americans. (E) Few of those relocated were actually United States citizens. 24. Which of the following was an immediate consequence of the Bay of Pigs incident? (A) Congress demanded United States withdrawal from the Panama Canal Zone. (B) The Soviet Union sent missiles to Cuba. (C) Americans began to view nuclear power plants as dangerous. (D) The United States ended its military occupation of Japan. (E) China entered the Korean War. 25. The high inflation rates of the late 1960’s and early 1970’s were primarily the result of (A) major state and federal tax increases (B) increased investment in major industries (C) spending on social-welfare programs and the Vietnam War (D) a decline in foreign trade (E) deregulation of key transportation and defense industries 26. Which of the following was true of a married woman in the colonial era? (A) She would be sentenced to debtors’ prison for debts incurred by her husband. (B) She could vote as her husband’s proxy in elections. (C) She generally lost control of her property when she married. (D) She was the beneficiary by law of her husband’s estate. (E) Her legal rights over her children were the same as those of her husband. 27. Which of the following colonies required each community of 50 or more families to provide a teacher of reading and writing? (A) Pennsylvania (B) Massachusetts (C) Virginia (D) Maryland (E) Rhode Island 28. The area marked X on the map was part of (A) Massachusetts’ Western Reserve (B) the Northwest Territory (C) the Louisiana Purchase (D) the Mexican Cession (E) the Oregon Country 29. In the early years of the textile industry in Lowell, Massachusetts, owners of the textile mills were best known for their (A) humanitarian refusal to hire women and children as factory operatives (B) brutal treatment of their workforces (C) idealistic efforts to avoid the worst evils of English industrialization (D) profit-motivated efforts to replicate the factory system of the English Industrial Revolution (E) pioneering efforts to establish labor unions 30. At the beginning of the Civil War, Southerners expressed all of the following expectations EXCEPT: (A) The materialism of the North would prevent Northerners from fighting an idealistic war. (B) Great Britain would intervene on the side of the South in order to preserve its source of cotton. (C) Northern unity in the struggle against the Southern states would eventually break. (D) The economic and military resources of the South would outlast those of the North. (E) The justice of the South’s cause would prevail. 31. Which of the following constitutes a significant change in the treatment of American Indians during the last half of the nineteenth century? (A) The beginnings of negotiations with individual tribes (B) The start of a removal policy (C) The abandonment of the reservation system (D) The admission of all American Indians to the full rights of United States citizenship (E) The division of the tribal lands among individual members 32. “This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: to consider all surplus revenues which come to him simply as trust funds, which he is called upon to administer and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner which, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for the community—the man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren.’’ These sentiments are most characteristic of (A) transcendentalism (B) pragmatism (C) the Gospel of Wealth (D) the Social Gospel (E) Reform Darwinism 33. Many Mexicans migrated to the United States during the First World War because (A) revolution in Mexico had caused social upheaval and dislocation (B) immigration quotas for Europeans went unfilled as a result of the war (C) the war in Europe had disrupted the Mexican economy (D) American Progressives generally held liberal views on the issue of racial assimilation (E) the United States government offered Mexicans land in exchange for military service 34. Which of the following has been viewed by some historians as an indication of strong anti-Catholic sentiment in the presidential election of 1928? (A) The increased political activity of the Ku Klux Klan (B) The failure of the farm bloc to go to the polls (C) Alfred E. Smith’s choice of Arkansas senator Joseph T. Robinson as his running mate (D) Alfred E. Smith’s failure to carry a solidly Democratic South (E) Herbert Hoover’s use of “rugged individualism” as his campaign slogan 35. During his presidency, Harry S Truman did all of the following EXCEPT (A) abolish the Tennessee Valley Authority (B) establish a new loyalty program for federal employees (C) extend Social Security benefits (D) order the desegregation of the armed forces (E) veto the Taft-Hartley Act 36. Which of the following best describes the Harlem Renaissance? (A) The rehabilitation of a decaying urban area (B) An outpouring of Black artistic and literary creativity (C) The beginning of the NAACP (D) The most famous art show of the early twentieth century (E) The establishment of the back-to-Africa movement 37. Conscription policies in the First and Second World Wars differed significantly in that in the Second World War (A) African Americans were drafted into integrated units (B) conscientious objectors were not officially recognized (C) the draft began before the United States entered the conflict (D) the draft was administered at the regional and federal levels by the armed forces (E) exemptions were offered for a range of war-related occupations 38. All of the following concerns were addressed during the “Hundred Days” of the New Deal EXCEPT (A) banking regulation (B) unemployment relief (C) agricultural adjustment (D) homeowner mortgage support (E) court restructuring 39. Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan were similar as presidential candidates in that both (A) articulated the public’s desire for less involvement in foreign affairs (B) capitalized on their status as Washington outsiders (C) promised Congress increased control over domestic matters (D) renounced private fund-raising in support of their campaigns (E) had built national reputations as legislators 40. Richard Nixon’s 1968 political comeback to win the presidency can be partly attributed to (A) dissension within the Democratic Party over Vietnam (B) the defection of Black voters to the Republican Party (C) Nixon’s cordial relations with the news media (D) Nixon’s great popularity as Eisenhower’s vice president (E) Nixon’s promise of immediate withdrawal of American forces from Vietnam