The Marine Biome

The Marine Biome - The marine biome covers over 70% of Earth’s surface and includes oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. - It is the largest and most diverse biome on the planet. - Support a wide variety of life due to its vast range of conditions. Climate - Temperature varies from freezing near the poles to over 30°C in tropical regions. - Ocean currents influence global climate patterns. - Salinity levels vary but are generally around 35 parts per thousand. - Sunlight penetration affects marine zones: photic (sunlit) and aphotic (deep, dark). Typical Species - Marine life is adapted to various depths and conditions. - Common species include: - Plankton: Base of the marine food chain. Fish: Sharks, tuna, clownfish, and angelfish. Mammals: Dolphins, whales, sea otters. Invertebrates: Jellyfish, sea stars, crabs, coral. - These species are adapted to water pressure, temperature, and food availability. Focus Species - Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) - Found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide. - Habitats: Coral reefs, seagrass beds, coastal areas. - Migration: Long-distance travelers between feeding and nesting grounds. - Also found in coastal estuaries, but primarily in marine environments. Human Impact - Overfishing has depleted many marine species populations. Pollution (plastic waste, oil spills, chemicals) threatens marine life. Climate change causes ocean acidification and rising sea levels. Coral reefs are bleaching due to rising temperatures. Conservation Efforts - Marine protected areas (MPAs) help preserve biodiversity. - Laws and regulations, such as fishing limits, help maintain sustainable populations. - Organizations like NOAA and WWF work on marine conservation projects. - Individuals can help by reducing plastic waste and supporting sustainable seafood choices. Importance of the Marine Biome - Produces more than 50% of the world’s oxygen. Regulates climate through heat absorption and carbon storage. Provides food, medicine, and economic resources for humans. Threats: Pollution, overfishing, coral bleaching, and climate change. References - www.noaa.gov www.nationalgeographic.com www.marinebio.org https://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/marine.html#:~:text=Temperature s%20in%20the%20ocean%20range,the%20surface%20of%20the% 20water. - https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/exhibits/biomes/marine.php#:~:text=Beside s%20corals%2C%20the%20fauna%20include,Florida%20Keys%20 National%20Marine%20Sanctuary.