Polit Jacksonian Democracy Slides

1. Election of 1828: Andrew Jackson defeats John Quincy Adams. Tariff of 1828 destroyed Adams, negative campaigning occurred for first time.
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Stump Speeches Martin VanBuren From Kinderhook, NY… originally from the “Clintonian” DemocraticRepublicans. He becomes Jackson’s Secretary of State. Can be considered the “brains” behind the creation of the Democratic Party. Jackson John Quincy Adams Popular Vote (%) Electoral Vote States Carried Candidate Party Home State Andrew Jackson Dem TN 642,553 (56%) 178 15 John Quincy Adams Nat’l Rep. MA 500,897 (43.6%) 83 9 A tariff is a tax on foreign made goods imported into a nation. The Tariff of 1824 included high duties on imported agricultural goods such as hemp, wheat and liquor to protect western farmers; imported textiles to protect New England interests; and iron to protect mining and forging industries of Pennsylvania. South Carolina had been particularly hard hit by the depression of 1819. The tariffs increased the prices of their imported goods by as much as 50 percent. South Carolina asserted that the tariffs were unfair as a tax on Southern agriculture for the benefit of Northern industry. The Tariff of 1824 was the nations second after that in 1816; each slowly raised the tax on imports. Jackson’s Vice President & outspoken opponent against the Tariff of 1828; from the State of S.C. (hit the hardest by the Tariff) Ignite Learning: Tariff of Abominations (1:40) Nicknamed the “Tariff of Abominations” “Abomination” is anything abominable; anything greatly disliked or abhorred; something evil. John C. Calhoun 2. Development of Jacksonian Democracy: a. Democratic-Republican Party splits as a result of election in 1828. b. Jeffersonian Republican Party became a group of conservative states rights politicians. c. Jacksonian Democratic Party became a group of strong national government politicians concerned for the middle class citizens. Grand Old Party Jefferson Educated Leadership Madison Jackson Martin VanBuren 3. Jackson’s new generation of politics: a. Get the people involved. b. Equality (for the white male land owner). c. Everyone gets a fair chance to succeed. 4. Jackson implements the “Spoils System”. John Eaton was Senator from Tenn. 18181829; Sec. of War 1829-1831; Gov. of Florida 1834-1836 and Ambassador to Spain 1836-1840. Andrew Jackson Donelson John C. Calhoun Martin VanBuren Francis Preston Blair 5. Peggy Eaton Incident: John H. Eaton was Sec. Of War & from Tennessee. His wife, Peggy, creates a disturbance among the cabinet members wives because of her background (shows problems w/ the spoils system). John Eaton Margaret (Peggy) Eaton Floride Calhoun 6. Nullification Crisis in South Carolina: John C. Calhoun resigns as vice-president in protest to the Tariff of 1828. He attempts to get S. Carolina to secede from the U.S. South Carolina will secede if this Tariff is not reduced… Let’s Compromise! Henry Clay The Kentucky/Virginia Resolutions… States Rights (10th Amendment Ignite Learning: Tariff of Abominations (1:40) John C. Calhoun If South Carolina threatens to leave the U.S. I will use the military! Andrew Jackson The Tariff of 1832 will eventually lower the Tariff of 1828 BUT not until it nearly causes a Civil War & forces Calhoun to resign… 7. Election of 1832: Multiple political parties arise in opposition to Jacksonian Democrats. Parties such as the Whig, Anti-Mason, FreeSoil, and Know Nothings… Popular Vote (%) Electoral Vote States Carried Candidate Party Home State Andrew Jackson Dem TN 701,780 (54.2%) 219 16 Henry Clay Nat’l Rep MA 484,205 (37.4%) 49 6 John Floyd Nullifier VA ? 11 1 William Wirt AntiMasonic MD 100,715 (7.8%) 7 1 Floyd Wirt 8. Jackson’s Presidential Problems: a. Jackson vs. Bank of U.S.: The bank was up for reevaluation in 1832. Jackson was opposed to it because it favored the upper class. Strong opposition to the president comes from Nicholas Biddle & Senator Webster from the state of Massachusetts. Second Bank of U.S. had a 20 year charter that was up for reevaluation for in 1836… Party Conflict was actually Social Class Conflict in the 1830’s… Bank of U.S. Nicholas Biddle Daniel Webster 8 b. Indian Relations: Jackson had little respect for Indians. This attitude had developed from his dominance over them in the War of 1812 & when he took Florida in 1814. 1. Indian Removal Law of 1830 (cost $500,000). 2. Trail of Tears was the result (relocated Cherokee Indians). 3. Black Hawk Incident: Black Hawk was the chief of the Sauk & Fox Tribes. They were relocated to Northern Mississippi region that was already the home of the Sioux Indians. War between the two tribes erupts & the U.S. viewed it as Indian hostility. Abe Lincoln & Jefferson Davis were sent to as U.S. reps., an Indian Massacre ensued. Chief Black Hawk Lincoln Davis I am a Senator from TN & I against the Indian Removal Law! David Crockett The Trail of Tears 9. Henry Clay (Whig leader) denounced United States’ actions towards Indians in Congress. Henry Clay Andrew Jackson 10. Jackson’s Farewell Address in 1837…