Broad Bean -Fava

BROAD BEAN -FAVA Vicia Faba subsp. Paucijug or eufaba var equina, maior and minor. It is an annual plant, taproot root system up to 90 cm deep. The stem is erect and the inflorescence is a raceme with white or purple flowers with dark spots. The pod is pubescent in different colors based on the variety. The temperature requirements are related to the activity of the inhibited rhizobes below 0 ° C. Irrigation needs are moderate because it is able to use the soil's water reserve with a fair tolerance to aridity when the latter is lacking. The most critical periods are flowering and the formation of pods with less resistance. The pedological requirements concern the pH due to the low activity of the rhizobia in acid soils. As for the salinity it is moderately sensitive. The life cycle begins with temperature-dependent hypogeal germination and can last from 7 to 30 days. Vegetative development is also related to the temperature, therefore from the sowing time chosen and the cultivation environment. Flowering is scalar and lasts a maximum of 40 days, the formation of pods as well as development has a duration influenced by the same two factors and finally the maturation of the pods is like flowering, scalar. The broad bean is an improving crop widely used in alternation because it requires weeding and thanks to the contribution of N. It should be placed between two grasses (classic two-year wheat-bean or three-year rotation followed by barley). It is cultivated as a forage crop in rotation with other grasses, oats, barley or with other legumes, clover vetch. Deep tillage is very useful and the soil refinement processes for the size of the seed can be more superficial to still ensure adequate imbibition of the seed for homogeneous germination. In addition, weeding especially in the maior variety is important as a form of weeding. Fertilization must follow the removals N 158 kg, P2O5 44 kg, K2O 133 kg, for all three with higher concentrations in the grain. The need to distribute N mineral is only at the time of sowing 25-40 kg / ha until the establishment of symbiosis. Fertilization at sowing is completed with about 80-100 kg / ha of phosphorus and 100-150 kg / ha of potassium. If the soil has acidity problems, it is possible to intervene with a limescale. Sowing in the southern areas is in November-December but delayed sowing is carried out to counteract the attacks of orobanche parasites. In the center north and high hills it can be brought forward to October or postponed to early spring. The seed investment is greater in the field bean and in the equine variety. Sowing takes place in rows about 30-50 or 70 cm apart at a depth of 10 cm.