University:
Eastern Kentucky University
Course:
BIO 318 | General Botany
Academic year:

2020
Views:

325

Pages:

1
Author:

Marilyn James

Chapter 6 : Biological classification (Review from chapter 1:) Linnaeus first used this system of classification in 1753 for his book "Species Plantarum" (Species of plants). Kingdom Phylum Plant Anthophyta Class Monocotyledons Order Commelinales Family Poaceae Genus Zea Species mays The "scientific name" is the genus and species name eg Zea mays, Homo sapiens, Alligator mississipiensis. Classification website Originally, Linnaeus had only two Kingdoms: Plants and Animals. More recently, this has been expanded to six kingdoms: Archaea: ancient bacteria: prokaryotic cells, often anaerobic, cell walls lack muramic acid. Bacteria: more modern, prokaryotic, usually aerobic, cell walls have muramic acid. Protists: eukaryotic, very diverse group: unicellular and multicellular, some photosynthetic, some animal like, some slime molds. Basically, this group is a mess! Fungi: eukaryotic, cell walls have chitin, typically multicellular, heterotrophs, often decomposers. Plants: eukaryotic, photosynthetic, cell walls have cellulose. Animals: eukaryotic, heterotrophs, no cell wall. Taxonomists classify living organisms, and also produce dichotomous keys to help identify living things. Simple key Cladistics means comparing organisms, to try to find features in common that will indicate the natural, or evolutionary, relationship between the organisms.A cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships between species, so you can tell which animal is most closely related to another.