Chapter 5 Human Aggression and Violence

CHAPTER 5 HUMAN AGGRESSION AND VIOLENCE Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following behaviors represents an example of passive-aggressive behavior? a) Slapping someone b) Refusing to speak to someone c) Shouting at someone d) Shooting someone e) Robbing someone 2. Which of the following crimes is associated with instrumental aggression? a) Larceny b) Manslaughter c) Rape d) Vandalism e) Vehicular homicide 3. In hostile aggression, the perpetrator’s primary goal is to: a) ridicule the victim. b) kill the victim. c) make the victim suffer. d) obtain an item of value. e) avenge a wrong. 4. Most forms of “white collar” crime would fall into which of the following categories of aggressive behavior? a) Instrumental b) Hostile c) Passive-aggressive d) Functional e) Ambivalent 5. The frustration-aggression hypothesis was first proposed by: a) Berkowitz and Simpson. b) the Dollard group. c) Albert Bandura. d) Konrad Lorenz. e)Sigmund Freud. 6. One of the criticisms of “Stand-Your-Ground” laws is that they: a) obligate the potential victim to flee. b) promote racial discrimination. c) encourage confrontation. d) pertain to homeowners in high socioeconomic neighborhoods. e) require an individual to be in grave danger before using force. 7. The social learning approach to the reduction of aggressive behavior would most likely emphasize: a) appropriate modeling. b) reinforcement for nonaggressive behavior in situations where aggressive behavior was previously demonstrated. c) punishment of aggressive models. d) all of the above. e) none of the above. 8. According to the social learning position, the manifestation of aggressive behavior depends on: a) what happens to the model as a consequence of his or her behavior. b) the reinforcement gained as a result of the behavior. c) the attention and cognitive ability of the observer when watching the model. d) all of the above. e) a and b only. 9. Malicious gossip is an example of what type of human aggression? a) Direct active verbal b) Indirect active verbal c) Direct passive verbal d) Indirect passive verbal e) Directive instrumental 10. Cognitive scripts are _____ behavioral patterns for certain situations that are _____ to change. a) available; relatively easy b) persistent; resistant c) innate; impossible d) aggressive; relatively easy e) simple; impossible 11. The tendency to perceive hostile intent in others even when it is totally lacking is called: a) hostile preference. b) Meckel’s syndrome. c) hostile attribution bias. d) inductive bias. 12. The type of aggression that includes anger expressions, temper tantrums, and vengeful hostility, and more generally “hot-blooded” aggressive acts is called: a) proactive aggression. b) mediated aggression. c) aggressive mimicry. d) reactive aggression. e) expressive aggression. 13. Which statement most accurately reflects research findings on gender differences in aggression? a) Boys are generally more aggressive than girls. b) Gender differences in aggression are primarily due to biology. c) Gender differences are due to cultural and socialization processes that promote different kinds of aggression. d) Girls are more aggressive than boys during the pre-school years only. e) Boys are more overtly aggressive than girls during the pre-school years, then aggression rapidly decreases. 14. According to Berkowitz, high levels of arousal _____ aggressive behavior in certain situations. a) completely dissipate b) cause c) slightly reduce d) dramatically reduce e) facilitate 15. Which statement is not true of I3 theory? a) It organizes aggression risk factors into three categories. b) It emphasizes the concept of self-regulation. c) It is an expansion of the hostile attribution model. d) It provides a structure for understanding the process by which a factor promotes aggression. e) It specifies different ways in which aggression risk factors produce violence. True or False 1. Aggressive behavior is always criminal. True False 2. Extremely high levels of arousal seem to mitigate aggressive behavior in certain situations. True False 3. The research community is sharply divided on the long-term effects of violent media on aggressive behavior. True False 4. All violent behavior is aggressive behavior. True False 5. Bullying is an example of reactive aggression. True False