Chapter 1 Introduction to Criminal Behavior

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR Multiple Choice 1. Criminal behavior is best defined as: a) antisocial behavior. b) deviant behavior behavior. c) an intentional act in violation of a criminal code. d) behavior that impedes the criminal process. e) forbidden behavior. 2. Psychological criminology focuses on how individual criminal behavior is: a) acquired. b) evoked. c) maintained. d) a and c only. e) all of the above. 3. Which one of the following would psychological criminology be most concerned with? a) Demographic features of offenders who participate in burglary. b) How violent individuals learn their aggressive behavior. c) The gender of murder victims. d) The time of day when burglary most often occurs. e) The unequal power distribution between various members of society. 4. Serious criminal offenders often present with _____cognitions. a) contracted b) distorted c) dominant d) erotic e) subversive 5. Which one of the following would not be a primary concern of sociological criminology? a) Personality characteristics of rapists b) Age characteristics of murderers c) Gender of victims of aggravated assault d) Relationship of victim to offender e) The victim characteristics of hate crimes. 6. The psychodynamic approach explains behavior in terms of: a) motives and drives. b) personality traits. c) free will. d) logic. e) heredity and family history. 7. Which of the following offenses is not considered a violent crime, according to the UCR? a) forcible rape b) arson c) nonnegligent manslaughter d) robbery e) aggravated assault 8. Three disciplines that have traditionally dominated the study of crime are: a) sociology, psychology and psychiatry. b) psychology, sociology and anthropology. c) psychology, anthropology and economics. d) psychology, anthropology and medicine. e) medicine, psychology and criminal justice. 9. Sigmund Freud is most associated with which one of the following fields? a) Traditional psychiatric criminology b) Sociological criminology c) Psychological criminology d) Contemporary psychiatric criminology e) Molecular criminology 10. Psychological criminology recently shifted its focus to a more _____ and _____ approach to the study of criminal behavior. a) forensic; scientific b) trait-focused; instrumental c) personality; biological d) cognitive; developmental e) sociological; psychiatric 11. The difference-in-kind perspective argues that humans are distinctly different from animals in which of the following ways? a) Spiritually b) Mentally c) Psychologically d) a and c e) All of the above 12. Illegal behavior that only juveniles can commit such as incorrigibility, running away, and truancy are called: a) offenses against the public order. b) Part I crimes. c) status offenses. d) age-related crimes. e) juvenile violations. 13. Official crime statistics, such as those produced by the FBI: a) normally overestimate the true incidence of crime. b) have been found to be highly accurate. c) report approximately the same amount of crime as victimization surveys. d) normally underestimate the true incidence of crime. e) overestimate the number of sexual offenses. 14. Compared with the UCR, the NIBRS: a) provides information on international crime. b) is older. c) provides more detailed information about a criminal event. d) includes conviction data as well as arrest data. e) is more reliable. 15. Criminal homicide, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault are all examples of what kind of crime, according to the FBI? a) Victimization crimes b) Part I crimes c) Part II crimes d) Masculine crimes e) Heinous crimes 16. Which piece of data is not found in the Uniform Crime Reports? a) Crime rates b) Arrests for Part II crimes c) Clearance rates d) Conviction rates e) Homicide rates 17. Self-report studies of criminal behavior: a) usually have been found to be more accurate with female subjects. b) are typically inaccurate in most areas studied. c) usually attempt to measure only prior involvement in felonies. d) suggest that crime is committed by all socioeconomic classes. e) are True or False 1. The great majority of crime in the United States and other countries is neither serious nor violent. True False 2. In general, individuals sentenced to prison accurately represent the “true” criminal population. True False 3. Most antisocial behaviors go undetected by law enforcement. True False 4. According to crime experts, the dark figure represents the most violent crimes. True False