In a File Oriented Information System a Master File

A data ____, which is a framework for organizing and storing data, consists of one or more files or tables. A. structure B. roster C. index D. integral One problem in a file processing environment is ____, which means that data common to two or more information systems is stored in several places. A. rigid data structure B. data integrity C. referential integrity D. data redundancy In a typical file processing environment, ____ problems can occur if updates are not applied in every file. A. rigid data structure B. data integrity C. referential integrity D. data redundancy In a file-oriented information system, a master file ____. A. stores relatively permanent data about an entity B. is created and saved for backup and recovery purposes C. stores records that contain day-to-day business and operational data D. is a temporary file created by an information system for a single taskA In a file-oriented information system, a transaction file ____. A. stores relatively permanent data about an entity B. is created and saved for backup and recovery purposes C. stores records that contain day-to-day business and operational data D. is a temporary file created by an information system for a single taskC A(n) ____ is a collection of tools, features, and interfaces that enables users to add, update, manage, access, and analyze the contents of a database. A. RMS B. DBMS (database management system) C. scale set D. HCI B A(n) ____, which is used to access stored data, allows a user to specify a task without specifying how the task will be accomplished. A. machine language B. assembly language C. query language D. markup language With a(n) ____ language, the user provides an example of the data requested. A. SQL B. IDE C. QBE D. interpolated Query by Example (QBE) is a database query language for relational databases Many database programs generate ____, which is a language that allows PC client workstations to communicate with servers and mainframe computers. A. DDE B. DBL C. DML D. SQL A data ____ language controls database operations, including storing, retrieving, updating, and deleting data. A. manipulation B. manufacturing C. schema D. dynamic The complete definition of a database, including descriptions of all fields, tables, and relationships, is called a(n) ____. A. connective B. schema C. exchange D. collective HTML uses formatting codes called ____, which specify how the text and visual elements on a Web page will be displayed in a Web browser. A. entities B. schema C. tags D. blocks To bridge the gap between a database and the Web and enable data to be viewed and updated, it is necessary to use ____, which is software that integrates different applications and allows them to exchange data. A. middleware B. hardware C. shareware D. freeware During the systems design phase, ____ fields are used to organize, access, and maintain data structures. A. glossary B. tabular C. content D. key When a primary key combines two or more fields, it is called any of the following EXCEPT a ____ key. A. constructed B. composite C. combination D. concatenated One type of validity check, called ____ integrity, is a set of rules that avoids data inconsistency and quality problems. A. candidate B. combinatorial C. referential D. foreign A(n) ____ is a graphical model of an information system that depicts the relationships among system entities. A. SQL B. OCE C. ODBC D. ERD ____ describes how instances of one entity relate to instances of another entity. A. Scalability B. Compatibility C. Cardinality D. Functionality One common method of indicating ____ is called crow's foot notation because of the shapes, which include circles, bars, and symbols that indicate various possibilities. A. scalability B. compatibility C. cardinality D. functionality ____ is the process of creating table designs by assigning specific fields or attributes to each table in a database. A. Encapsulation B. Normalization C. Standardization D. Encryption ____ codes use a keyword to encode a number. A. Cipher B. Identifier C. Encryption D. Associative When a system reads a physical record, it loads the data from storage into a ____, which is a segment of computer memory. A. client B. table C. password D. buffer Most date formats now are based on the model established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which requires a format of ____. A. two digits for the year, two for the month, and two for the day (YYMMDD) B. two digits for the year, four for the month, and two for the day (YYMMMMDD) C. four digits for the year, two for the month, and two for the day (YYYYMMDD) D. four digits for the year, two for the month, and four for the day (YYYYMMDDDD) ____ is the process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access to the data. A. Encapsulation B. Normalization C. Standardization D. Encryption 加密 In the event of a file catastrophe, ____ can be used to restore the file or database to its current state at the time of the last backup. A. recovery procedures B. crow's foot notation C. audit log files D. standard notation format A data ____, which is a framework for organizing and storing data, consists of one or more files or tables. structure One problem in a file processing environment is ____, which means that data common to two or more information systems is stored in several places. data redundancy In a typical file processing environment, ____ problems can occur if updates are not applied in every file. data integrity In a file-oriented information system, a master file stores relatively permanent data about an entity. In a file-oriented information system, a transaction file ____. stores records that contain day-to-day business and operational data In a file-oriented information system, a work file is a temporary file created by an information system for a single task. In a file-oriented information system, a security file is created and saved for backup and recovery purposes A(n) ____ is a collection of tools, features, and interfaces that enables users to add, update, manage, access, and analyze the contents of a database. DBMS ____ means that a system can be expanded, modified, or downsized easily to meet the rapidly changing needs of a business enterprise. Scalability A(n) ____, which is used to access stored data, allows a user to specify a task without specifying how the task will be accomplished. query language With a(n) ____ language, the user provides an example of the data requested. QBE Many database programs generate ____, which is a language that allows PC client workstations to communicate with servers and mainframe computers. SQL A data ____ language controls database operations, including storing, retrieving, updating, and deleting data. manipulation The complete definition of a database, including descriptions of all fields, tables, and relationships, is called a(n) ____. schema ____ is an industry-standard protocol that makes it possible for software from different vendors to interact and exchange data. ODBC Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard application programming interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS) JDBC enables ____ applications to exchange data with any database that uses SQL statements and is compliant with the standard. Java Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) A ____ is a text document written in HTML. Web page HTML uses formatting codes called ____, which specify how the text and visual elements on a Web page will be displayed in a Web browser. tags To bridge the gap between a database and the Web and enable data to be viewed and updated, it is necessary to use ____, which is software that integrates different applications and allows them to exchange data. middleware During the systems design phase, ____ fields are used to organize, access, and maintain data structures. key When a primary key combines two or more fields, it is called a ____ key. composite Any field that is not a primary key or a candidate key is called a ____ key nonkey In the accompanying figure, a ____ is a field or combination of fields that uniquely and minimally identifies a particular member of an entity. primary key In the accompanying figure, any field that could serve as a primary key is called a ____. candidate key In the accompanying figure, a ____ is a field in one table that must match a primary key value in another table in order to establish the relationship between the two tables. foreign key One type of validity check, called ____ integrity, is a set of rules that avoids data inconsistency and quality problems. referential A(n) ____ is a graphical model of an information system that depicts the relationships among system entities. ERD In an entity-relationship diagram, entities are represented as ____. rectangles ____ describes how instances of one entity relate to instances of another entity. Cardinality One common method of indicating ____ is called crow's foot notation because of the shapes, which include circles, bars, and symbols that indicate various possibilities. cardinality ____ is the process of creating table designs by assigning specific fields or attributes to each table in a database. Normalization A(n) ____ is a set of letters or numbers that represents a data item. code Some abbreviation codes are called ____ codes because they use a specific combination of letters that are easy to remember. mnemonic ____ codes are numbers or letters assigned in a specific order. Sequence ____ codes combine data from different item attributes, or characteristics, to build the code. Derivation ____ codes use a keyword to encode a number. Cipher When a system reads a physical record, it loads the data from storage into a ____, which is a segment of computer memory.buffer Most date formats now are based on the model established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which requires a format of ____. four digits for the year, two for the month, and two for the day (YYYYMMDD) ____ is the process of converting readable data into unreadable characters to prevent unauthorized access to the data. Encryption In the event of a file catastrophe, ____ can be used to restore the file or database to its current state at the time of the last backup. recovery procedures A(n) ____ is a collection of tools, features, and interfaces that enables users to add, update, manage, access, and analyze the contents of a database. DBMS