Final Exam Material

FINAL EXAM MATERIAL Alternative - alt rock, grunge, indie, different version of what we know as rock n roll AOR Apache - most sampled music in history Bikini Kill - Bikini Kill is an American punk rock band formed in Olympia, Washington, in October 1990. The group consists of singer and songwriter Kathleen Hanna, guitarist Billy Karren, bassist Kathi Wilcox, and drummer Tobi Vail. Black music aesthetic Blue-eyed soul Break-spinning CBGB - BGB was a New York City music club opened in 1973 by Hilly Kristal in Manhattan's East Village. The club was previously a biker bar and before that was a dive bar. Bands like the ramones made it famous College radio Corporate rock - Made by using a formula (Commodity, not art) Became more about money, celebrities and not about the music itself Panders to commercial taste, elite rock stars, not rebellious Disco Funky Drummer Glam Grunge - style of alt rock made famous by bands like nirvana, pearl jam, soundgarden, and alice in chains Hair metal - 80s pop metal, bands like poison, bon jovi, twisted sister etc Heavy metal - harder version of metal, bands like slayer, metallica, megadeth, even sabbath, etc Indie aesthetic Lilith Fair Mainstream Merry Go Round Moog - synthesizer piano type instrument used in a lot of proggressive rock to make electronic sounds, not only used in prog rock though MTV Neil Young Aesthetic - Safe music, authentic sound , Studio is simply used as a tool to capture a live moment (follows his own muse) New traditionalism - New wave Nirvana - Nirvana was an American rock band formed in Aberdeen, Washington (seattle) in 1987. It was founded by lead singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic. Nirvana went through a succession of drummers, the best known being Dave Grohl, who joined in 1990. No wave Performative deejays Prog rock Punk values Riddim Riot Grrrl Righteous Babe Records Rough Trade Scrunge Sex Pistols - The Sex Pistols were an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975. They were responsible for initiating the punk movement in the United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians. Sinéad O’Connor - Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor is an Irish singer-songwriter who rose to fame in the late 1980s with her debut album The Lion and the Cobra. O'Connor achieved worldwide success in 1990 with a new arrangement of Prince's song "Nothing Compares 2 U". Synthpop Tom Moulton - Thomas Jerome Moulton is an American record producer. He experimented with remix in disco music and this led to its wide adoption as a standard practice in the industry. He also invented the breakdown section, and the 12-inch single vinyl format in the process. Trevor Horn - Trevor Charles Horn CBE is an English bassist, singer, songwriter, music producer, and recording studio and label owner. He is best known for his production work since the 1980s and, before that, being one half of the new wave band the Buggles. Tritone Versioning Here are some questions that a student should be able to answer after having taken this class: 1. What was theSecond British Invasion? 2. Why were Prince and Michael Jackson criticized for selling out in the 1980s? 3. What factors helped grow the Canadian music industry? 4. Describe Nirvana’s crisis of authenticity in the wake of “Nevermind” 5. How are these similar and different: the indie aesthetic, the hippie aesthetic, folk values, punk values, the Neil Young aesthetic? 6. Why is Bob Dylan one of the most important figures in rock? Changes rock (popular music) by: ○ Follows own muse (not success) - didn’t pander to commercial taste ○ Experimentation ○ Rock as serious music ○ Artist as singer/songwriter 7. Why are the Beatles one of the most important bands in rock? Followed a formula (Tin Pan Alley) (AABA) b. 1965 - more ambitious song writing/recording (more time spent in studio) c. Start writing own songs, focus on strings d. Incorporated Hinduism culture and used sitar in Norwegian Wood (Cultural appropr e. Shows that rock 'n' roll can be serious and really interesting music - challenged by 8. Why is Brian Wilson one of the most important figures in rock? Only 21 years old when he received the freedom to produce his own records with to autonomy, Wilson ignited an explosion of like-minded California producers, supplan center of popular records, and becoming the first rock producer to use the studio as instrument. 9. Why is Phil Spector one of the most important figures in rock? Architect of folk movement b. Interested in preserving folk music of different cultures c. Music about community d. Folk music taken Very seriously 10. Why is James Brown one of the most important figures in popular music? Another important aspect of Brown’s music was his singular attention to the rhythm instruments in his band. In fact, the liner notes of a 1994 compilation album called T Funk put it this way: “James Brown demonstrated that it was possible to use an en 11. Why is Madonna one of the most important figures in popular music? 12. Who is “the man that invented the eighties” and why is he called this? Horn - Horn became a full-time producer, working on commercially successful songs numerous artists 13. Describe how versioning is an example of remix culture. 14. What are 4 musical ways that punk got back to the roots of rock and roll? 15. What are 3 ways Madonna or Sinéad O’Connor critiqued mainstream ideas of gender and the place of women in rock? 16. What was the Riot Grrrl movement? Riot grrrl is an underground feminist punk movement that began in the early 1990s in Washington state. It is a subcultural movement that combines feminist consciousness and punk style and politics. a. adopted a more aggressive sexual female persona as ways of controlling their representations. By shifting the rules of what women could do, Madonna opened the door for women to take control of female sexuality, by using it on their own terms. b. The concept of Grrrl Power—or feminist rock—has its roots the punk scene, specifically with bands like Bikini Kill and Bratmobile out of Olympia, Washington (not far from where Nirvana was from). Members of these bands started the Riot Grrrl fanzine, which was a feminist activist publication designed to increase women’s involvement in punk rock. 17. What was Tom Petty’s critique about modern music? 18. Why was Southern Soul considered “blacker” than Motown by rock critics? 19. How did Led zeppelin demonstrate their allegiance to the hippie aesthetic? 20. What are 3 examples of white rock artists appropriating black music after the 1950s? 21. What were 3 criticisms of “corporate rock” in the 1970s? a. The debates surrounding corporate rock, though, centred on the values of artists, fans and critics, many of whom were raised with the ideals of the folk revival and psychedelic rock b. artistic expression, social change, community enhancement, etc. c. These ideals tended to see a definite divide between mass-marketed pop music, which they felt was frivolous and the produce of a capitalist business model, and rock, which they felt was artistic, important, and not driven by the need to produce hits for the pop market. 22. What are three ways that the Velvet Underground influenced later artists. 23. What is the difference between a Jamaican deejay, a disco deejay and a hip-hop deejay? 24. Describe why Neil Young headed for the “ditch” in the 1970s, and describe what the ditch” sounded like. 25. What were bands like the Sex Pistols against? Anti corperate b. Aggressive, rebellious, against society c. Non-elitist, community based, youthful d. Anti-mainstream 'working class' 26. Name 3 musical or technological remix innovations attributed to disco. 27. What are the similarities and differences between new wave and new traditionalism? 28. What are performative deejays and what sorts of remix innovations did they come up with? 29. What are the similarities and differences between thrash and hair metal bands? 30. Rush’s association with which author gave rise to criticism that they were right-wing extremists? 31. In what ways do Rush demonstrate the characteristics of progressive rock? 32. What are innovations of the studio producers we looked at in class? 33. You should be able to match a list of artists to their genre 34. You should be able to recognize whether an artist fits into the mainstream or alternative category 35. You should be able to put a list of all the subgenres of rock discussed in our class in chronological order 36. You should be able to put a list of major artists discussed in our class in chronological order based on their impact. 37. You should be able to match a list of artists to their songs or albums 38. You should be able to match a list of artists to their value 39. You should be able to match a list of artists to their nationality. 40. You should be able to describe the characteristics of genres 41. You should be able to answer questions about song form, genre, instrumentation, technology and aesthetic based on listening to examples of mus