Neutralization Techniques in White-Collar Crime Questions

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. "Neutralization techniques" may be defined as: a. ways that embezzlers overcome lingering shame associated with the crime of embezzlement. b. techniques that money launderers use to "smurf" ill-gotten cash. c. ways that Internet fraud perpetrators overcome shame and guilt associated with fraud schemes. d. enforcement practices associated with stopping acts of corporate espionage. Answer: a 2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the modern embezzler? a. The embezzler has a fiduciary relationship with the victim. b. The embezzler possesses specialized skills required to use computer systems. c. The embezzler is limited by the physical nature of the theft act. d. The embezzler is motivated by a desire for a more affluent lifestyle. Answer: c 3. Which crime is essentially a theft in violation of trust? a. Corporate espionage b. Identity theft c. Embezzlement d. Money laundering Answer: c 4. Corporate espionage schemes may target which of the following? a. Customer lists b. Product specifications c. Research and development data d. All of the above Answer: d 5. Domestic spies hired by corporate competitors that are intent on gaining a competitive advantage over American firms are what type of corporate spies? a. Insiders b. Outsiders c. Independent contractors d. None of the above Answer: b 6. Which of the following has increased the occurrence of corporate espionage in the last few decades? a. The constant use of e-mail as a means of intra-office communication b. Corporate community’s increasing use of information and technology to conduct business c. Global commerce conducted over the Internet d. All of the above Answer: d 7. Which country has become the most active source of national and industrial espionage? a. United States b. China c. Russia d. Japan Answer: b 8. _________________________ is the act of concealing the source of assets that have been illegally obtained. a. Money laundering b. Identity theft c. Embezzlement d. Confidence schemes Answer: a 9. Traditional money laundering techniques include all of the following except which one. a. Physical transport of cash from one location to another b. Electronic transfer of "e-cash" c. "Smurfing" d. Transformation of hard currency to real property or merchandise Answer: b 10. During what decade did electronic funds transfers (EFTs) begin to expand money laundering opportunities? a. 1940s b. 1960s c. 1980s d. 2000s Answer: b 11. The "Nigerian 419" scheme is primarily what type of computer crime? a. Internet auction fraud b. Confidence scheme c. "Urban legend" d. Money laundering scam Answer: b 12. The Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 requires that financial institutions keep records of cash transactions over what amount? a. $100 b. $500 c. $10,000 d. $1,000,000 Answer: c 13. ___________________ is/are the most widely reported type of Internet fraud. a. Online auction fraud b. Bait and switch con games c. Confidence schemes d. Chain letter hoaxes Answer: a 14. Which country ranks second behind only the United States in losses associated with Internet fraud schemes? a. China b. Russian c. Nigeria d. France Answer: c 15. Which of the following is not a form of secondary support FinCen provides to local law enforcement agencies? a. Training b. Office space c. Database research access d. The actual prosecution of money-laundering cases Answer: d 16. ___________ is/are the most frequent type of consumer fraud complaint. a. Identity theft b. Confidence schemes c. Bait and switch schemes d. None of the above Answer: a 17. Which of the following is NOT a low-tech means identity thieves use to steal personal information? a. Dumpster diving b. Shoulder surfing c. Skimming devices d. Direct theft of mail Answer: c 18. Deceptive practices involving the use of capital to create more money is known as: a. Communication fraud b. Credit card fraud c. Investment fraud d. Financial institution fraud Answer: c 19. Which law has become the primary vehicle for the prosecution of Internet fraud crimes? a. Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) b. The Bank Secrecy Act c. Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act d. Money Laundering Control Act Answer: a 20. _____________ attempt to lure potential victims to fraudulent websites for the purpose of gathering sensitive personal information. a. Chain letter hoaxes b. Bait and switch schemes c. Confidence schemes d. Phishing schemes Answer: d TRUE/FALSE 1. The advent of large-scale computerized databases in the financial services field has made embezzlement a more technically oriented crime requiring more sophisticated knowledge than was the case 30 years ago. a. True b. False Answer: a 2. Opportunities for identity crimes have increased primarily because consumers are increasingly asked to use their social security numbers as a personal identifier. a. True b. False Answer: a 3. The primary avenue of redress for corporations seeking to litigate charges of corporate espionage is the criminal courts. a. True b. False Answer: b 4. Research has shown that corporate insiders engage in most acts of corporate espionage. a. True b. False Answer: a 5. To date, no one has been sentenced under the Economic Espionage Act. a. True b. False Answer: b 6. Experts can easily calculate the amount of money laundering that occurs in the United States each year. a. True b. False Answer: b 7. Technology has made it easier for money launderers to move money in a series of transactions over a short period of time. a. True b. False Answer: a 8. The U.S. Treasury Department’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network’s (FinCEN) main goal is to prosecute money launderers. a. True b. False Answer: b 9. Identify theft complaints are continually rising each year. a. True b. False Answer: b 10. Identity crimes are easy to prosecute once detected. a. True b. False Answer: b 11. Experts believe that the establishment of consumer awareness and monitoring programs is the most viable avenue toward thwarting the growth of identity theft. a. True b. False Answer: a 12. The most prevalent form of online auction fraud is nondelivery of goods. a. True b. False Answer: a 13. Many fraud schemes committed over the Internet are simply new takes on old schemes. a. True b. False Answer: a 14. Many technically elite embezzlers are motivated by financial problems. a. True b. False Answer: b 15. Historically, embezzlers were persons of high social status. a. True b. False Answer: b