Reticular Formation

Reticular formalion Histologically, when there is a group & compact neurons imaiden the busim. they cre Called nuclei -If there are cell bodies & neurons Inside white matter, it is called seanding decending Hoer reticular formation (Gray matter inside white matter), however their naerons are not compact together, so they are not nuclei -The reticular formation is Functionally called the entire brain, because it is in the brain stem, which is responsible for homeostasis and Vigilance (aworeness), and any lesion in the lover brain stem, the result will be death; upper brainston, the result is comma. So, the function & the reticular formation is to bustoully for the person to be alive (because the cardias center, respeitory center,... cordspel of the brain stem are all parts of the reticular formation 4 BS) -Anatomically, Reticular formation is classifiedslitely different! Pro in twe neuroanotorry books & Snell's and barr's neuroanatomy -In Barr's $ts classified a Precerebellar nuclei (connected to the cerebellum - Raphe nuclei -Coloneryic -Catecholamine nuckus -Parnocellular nucleus -Parabracheal nuckus. -Superficial medullary nucleus Precerebral nuckes 3-those connect the reticular formation to the Cerebellum -All the afferent kellorent fibers from Bs have Some comections or soe ples with the reticuer formation nuclei -Neurons in the reticular formation have bog asons and deadores. @Raphe nuclei s Biggest of them is nucios raphe magnus (Serabakrylk) - They say raphe because it is in the very midille Neurons of Raphe nuclei peature produce Senteris -lover port & the nucleus projects serchomin to The SC, and the upper part projects to the Corted (basically the call body of the mess the nucleus, nd the herons go to the Carter putts ike salmus, basal gasuure) -Raphe nucler recicie afferent fibers from all the Sensing systems (Pain pathway, tempροπίας, εκπαίους δικη coming pathways, Visual system, anditong sعرو -This system is important for steping which happens by releasing serotonin to the cortek dopamine •Seretoning neurotransmitter is a neuromodulator, so its excitatory or inhibitory depending on the receptor @central group makis-They receive (Gilulmenergic System) elfferents to the SC and cortex Plerent Prom all the sensory Systeins, d -Neurotransmiths of the central group is glutamate, which means that the central group is excitatory (basically when you gel sleepy, and you go wish your face with cold water you get more dert. This is a function & glutamergic system * Brain stem is mostly white molter @cholinergik System 5-11s located between pons and mid brain and is called pendunculopantine (betuces pons and peduncle, which is apert & midbrain). -Neurotrimsmiler wood is cikely! Cheline hence suly its called cholinerge system.. -Chelivery&c System is important in orousal as It is a part of ARAS system. (pedunclepoise) -In the brain, we have two cholinergic systems, one in Brainstem, and the other is in the corter (basal forebrain) Colochilmish (en): Calichclanine is released by lie locus courleus nucleus in the poss upper part These neurons releuse catuchalumine, Epineplatine, norepinephrine to the upper Blower parts & the CNS (upper la thecartex and lower to the SC Mother nuder & Pervecellular, cunciloon, sudionileon, Prabracheal - these moles are important for HR and respiratory System Centers (Physiologically called Cardiovascular sento and respiratory Systems). In Summary, the function & the reticular formation is for sleepond arousel, autonomic system, endocrine, poln (Seretonergic system from raphe nuclei for decreasing pain ice. analgesia), Somatiemotor, visceral and respiratory feeding)" * Brain stem is mostly white molter @cholinergik System 5-11s located between pons and mid brain and is called pendunculopantine (betuces pons and peduncle, which is apert & midbrain). -Neurotrimsmiler wood is cikely! Cheline hence suly its called cholinerge system.. -Chelivery&c System is important in orousal as It is a part of ARAS system. (pedunclepoise) -In the brain, we have two cholinergic systems, one in Brainstem, and the other is in the corter (basal forebrain) Colochilmish (en): Calichclanine is released by lie locus courleus nucleus in the poss upper part These neurons releuse catuchalumine, Epineplatine, norepinephrine to the upper Blower parts & the CNS (upper la thecartex and lower to the SC Mother nuder & Pervecellular, cunciloon, sudionileon, Prabracheal - these moles are important for HR and respiratory System Centers (Physiologically called Cardiovascular sento and respiratory Systems). In Summary, the function & the reticular formation is for sleepond arousel, autonomic system, endocrine, poln (Seretonergic system from raphe nuclei for decreasing pain ice. analgesia), Somatiemotor, visceral and respiratory feeding)" •Role of Reticular formation in step and arcard (HRPS sys) -Three groups od neurosicholinergic system -caochobminergic -Calulminergic -Abons of all these nuclei matke a bundle celled Central Tegmental Track(CTI) going to thalamus, and then to the cortex (sume finers bypas the Thalamus and go directly to the cortex. 15 -Release & acclifcretive from cholinergle center in BS and from basal forebrain in the cortex But the forebrown's acetylcholine release is controlled by the cholinergic system of BS -In arousal, these three systems are all active, and the seratonergic System Re gets less active •Role & Reticular formation for sleep: (ARAS system) Sleep has the classifications & REM and NREM IUREN, the serhonengle system of Rephe nuclei is active, white Glularny scheurgic, and catachdeminergia nuclei are less actix, because the schanged bREM to enrody bw or in rest st -In REM sleep, both Scretonergic and cholinergic Systems are active. This is because in REM sleep, the brain is internally active, with very. low reception of information from the surrounding or entironment. For that reason, ver for activation & the neurons, we need Cholinergic system for the brain to be active It's sometimes said that the Cholinergic system is the light. The brain and the body are NILAI, which do not recognize or see things. -Dreams usually happen in the REM stage, but not necessarily all the Hime (normally 80% ARETI happens with rooms and 20% without). -REM is also impertont for memory, contimation & brom activilles, etc... •There are three kinds of dreaming? tation 1-Endvliosny dreamingz-usmelly happens in kids because they dron (from momile brain) abt because 80% of their steep is REM sleep whik in alults, only one third & their daming's sleep is with dreams (REM) Edutierry dreams are whually fictional, like flying, or riding a dragon, thats why it happens mostly in kids -This kind is important for memory, elimination of unneccissory information True dreams-some believe that its metaphysical, and others believe that it is a function & the brom to anticipate the future, yot involuntarily -Hechanisms & these three kinds of dreams different. Mechanism of the Evolutionary dreaming comes from deep parts of the broin (momilory or repetlion port of our brain). (we have three types of our brain of the same time : Repetilang momitury, and human brin) The developed cortex inhibits spe of brain, for that reason, the adults have less evolutionery dreams (REM) -At the same time, while dreaming, another system is intip the laver -NILAI ports of the brain stem and the body. While drarming, we, we can not more our muscles wluntarily yet # we con mot or eyes, because in the brimsten, from mid brain to the upper part of the brain is active, and from midbrein te the lover parts are in active Sometimes, When having a bad dream, and you suddenly woke up, you can. not move your body, just like you're porlyzed. This is because the inhibitor of muscles did not finish yet. II would loke few seconds to minutes to stop inhibition -In REM sleep, the eyes move in as straight line, we up to side to side Abducens and cochker nucleus" down or