Melody, Pitch, and Musical Meter

Materials of Music Question A melodic line that moves by small intervals is called A melodic line that moves by small intervals is called consonant. A place in a melody where a musician will most likely pause for a breath is at the A second melody played against the first is called a countermelody. The term referring to the overall shape of a melody is The distance between two pitches is called Melody Musical sound is characterized by perceivable and measurable pitch. Pitch is determined by Most children’s songs have a _________ range. Scientifically, pitch is determined by its A phrase and cadence in music can be likened to a The climax of The Star-Spangled Banner falls on what text? The contour of Beethoven’s Ode to Joy is The contour of the opening phrase of Joy to the World is The distance between the highest and lowest pitches in a melodic line is its The high point of a melodic line is considered its The type of melodic movement in The StarSpangled Banner is Wavelike describes melodic Which of the following terms is used to describe melody? Accents between the beats are called offbeats. All music has a strong, discernable beat. An accented beat followed by two weak beats indicates a __________ meter. In a compound meter, the beat divides into groups of In duple meter, the accent is typically on which beat? In notation, regular groupings of beats are marked off in measures. In quadruple meter, the second-strongest accent is typically on which beat? In triple meter, the strongest accent is typically on which beat? The downbeat coincides with the upward stroke of a conductor’s hand. Music that moves without a strong sense of beat is Playing music in two simultaneous rhythms is known as polyrhythm. Polyphony occurs when several meters are played simultaneously. Answer conjunct. False cadence True contour. an interval. is a musical line, or the tune. True the length or size of a vibrating object. narrow frequency. sentence and period. O’er the land of the free... wavelike descending range climax disjunct contour contour False False triple three first True third first False nonmetric True False ________ is created when the regular accent is shifted to a weak beat or an offbeat. Simple meters are meters in which the beats are divided into three. The basic unit of rhythm is the The element that propels music forward in time is The first accented beat of each metric pattern is known as the The number of beats in a measure determines the When a melody begins before a downbeat, it is said to begin on a(n) Which of the following is NOT a simple meter? A collection of pitches arranged sequentially in ascending and descending order constitutes a A combination of tones that sounds discordant or in need of resolution is called A chord that sounds stable or restful is called Dissonance resolves in Harmony describes the _____ aspect of music. How many notes are in an octave? In Western music, two scales have been predominant: major and minor. Simple harmony can be created when a melody is accompanied by a long, sustained tone called a The _____ serves as home base in most Western music. The development of harmony is central to Western music. The first and last note in a major or minor scale is called the The most common type of chord in Western music is the The progression of ________ creates a feeling of order and unity in music. The tonality of a piece is determined by the ________ chosen by the composer. Three or more tones sounded together produce a(n) Triads in Western music are made up of a combination of alternating notes from a scale. Which is NOT a true statement? Which is a true statement? _______ is the principle of organization around a central tone. _______ refers to an agreeable-sounding combination of notes that provides a sense of relaxation and fulfillment. A composition in the key of G major uses harmonies formed from which scale? A scale comprised entirely of half steps is called a _________ scale. Black keys on the piano can be either "flats" or "sharps" depending on the context of the music. Common scales used in African, Far Eastern, and Native American music are the _____ scales. Syncopation False beat rhythm downbeat meter upbeat compound scale dissonant consonant consonance vertical eight True drone tonic True tonic triad harmony scale chord True Melody and harmony are not related. A chord may be built on any note of the scale. Tonality Consonance G major chromatic True pentatonic and tritonic Which of the following is a true statement? In diatonic music, both the melody and the harmony are firmly rooted in the key. Harmonies built on the dominant (fifth scale degree) gravitate toward the tonic If a major or minor scale is transposed to a different starting pitch, the pattern of half steps and whole steps changes. Intervals even smaller than half steps, commonly used in some non-Western music are called In Western music, the octave is divided into twelve equal Shifting an entire work so that it begins on a different pitch but retains the same pattern of intervals is called The tonic is a three-note chord, or triad, built on the ________ scale step. Moving from one key center to another within a composition is called Music of the Baroque and Classical eras is mostly The octave is divided the same way in the musical systems of all cultures. In Western music, the dominant and subdominant are called _______ chords. The _______ chord is counterposed against active chords. The fifth scale step (sol) forms the chief active chord (V), which is called the The key of a piece is determined What is another name for a half step? Which of the following is NOT an active chord? A work that is comprised of a strictly imitative musical texture is called a A composition must use one texture throughout. A pianist playing a melody in the right hand while the left sounds chords produces a _____ texture. A round is based on the principle of _______ where each voice enters in succession with the same melody. A single-line texture is known as A texture in which two or more different melodic lines are combined is called A type of homophony in which all voices move together in the same rhythm is called An individual part or line, even in instrumental music, is often referred to as a(n) Heterophony is common in non-Western music. Homophony is best described as If you are singing alone in the shower, you are creating a ______ texture. Imitation is a type of One person singing "Happy Birthday" with simple chords accompanying the melody produces a(n) _________ texture. Row, Row, Row Your Boat is an example of The best description of a melodic idea that is presented in one voice and then restated in another is The interweaving of melody and harmony produces ________ in music. The texture of a round is When several musicians sing or play the same musical line, each varying some element (like pitch or rhythm), they are creating a ______ texture. False microtones half steps. transposition first modulation diatonic False active rest dominant by the composer. semitone tonic canon False homophonic imitation monophony polyphonic homorhythm. voice True a single melody with accompaniment. monophonic polyphony homophonic a round. imitation texture polyphonic heterophonic Which of the following textures is based on counterpoint? _________ describes a melody without any harmonic accompaniment or other melodic lines. A fragment of a theme that forms a melodicrhythmic unit is called a A performance practice based on the concept of a singing leader imitated by a chorus of followers is called A principle of form that is based on repeated alterations of a given melody (which is still recognizable) is called A short, repeated musical pattern used as a structural device is known as a(n) Which form features a statement of an idea, a contrasting idea, then a repetition of the first idea? Even when a performer improvises, the basic elements of repetition, contrast, and variation can be heard. In musical forms ________ fixes the material in the listener’s mind and satisfies the need for the familiar. In musical forms ________ stimulates our interest and feeds our desire for change. In through-composed songs, music from previous stanzas is repeated. Independent parts of a large-scale work (a symphony, for example) are called Movements in a large-scale musical work can be compared to chapters in a novel. Music that is made up spontaneously in performance is called improvised. Ostinato is particularly prevalent in blues, rock, and rap. The basic elements of form are A _____ can be a building block in the construction of a musical work. Themes are comprised of smaller units known as motives. Varying the pitches, harmony, or rhythm of a theme is known as When a melodic idea is immediately restated at a lower or higher pitch level, this is known as Which form features a statement followed by a departure that ends the piece? Which is true of strophic form? Composers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries used even fewer expression marks than their predecessors. Gradually getting softer in music is indicated by which term in the score? If a composer wants to indicate despair or sadness in a piece of music, which of the following tempos would be appropriate? If a composer wants to indicate tempo precisely, a ________ indication is given in the score. If the music is gradually speeding up, the term used to describe this is Dynamics determine the ________ at which music is played. polyphony Monophony motive call and response. variation ostinato ternary True repetition contrast False movements True True True repetition, contrast, and variation. theme True thematic development. a sequence. binary The same melody is repeated with each stanza of text. False diminuendo grave beats per minute (bpm) accelerando volume Musical sound is performed at varying volumes, also known as the music’s Pianissimo is indicated by the abbreviation _____. Returning to the original tempo after a change in the music is indicated by the marking _________ in the score. Composers use tempo and dynamic markings to communicate to the performer the music’s intended expressive quality. Tempo refers to Tempo and dynamic markings are usually given in Which dynamic marking indicates to the performer to play gradually louder? Which of the following abbreviations indicates a moderate dynamic level? Which of the following does NOT indicate a fast tempo? Which of the following does not indicate a change of tempo? Which of the following indicates a fast tempo? Which of the following is NOT a musical modifier? Which of the following terms means "getting slower"? Which term indicates that a work should be performed very loudly? "Happy Birthday" is an example of a _______ text setting. A song in which each syllable receives one note is called A wordless melody on the vowel "ah" is an example of a technique called Which of the following does NOT describe words without specific meanings in songs? Scat-singing is usually found in what style of music? Setting the word "falling" to a descending scale is an example of Sometimes a composer will collaborate with a ________ who writes the words of the song. Which of the following describes words and music that recur after every stanza? Which of the following describes the setting of many notes to a syllable? The word "song" refers to any piece of music. The word ________ means the language of the people. Which of the following is NOT a true statement? Much of Western sacred music is in Latin, while ________ music is often in the vernacular. What is another word for "refrain"? What is another word for "stanza"? When a melody pictorializes a word it is called Which of the following terms describes religious or spiritual music? Which of the following terms does NOT describe the number of notes given to each syllable of text? _______ means a few notes set to each syllable of text. _________ was the language of learning at medieval and Renaissance universities. dynamics pp a tempo True the rate of speed. Italian crescendo mf grave crescendo vivace presto ritardando fortissimo syllabic syllabic vocalise refrain jazz word-painting. lyricist refrain melismatic False vernacular Songs in English translation fit the musical line as well as the original words. secular chorus strophe word-painting. sacred strophic Neumatic Latin An instrument that produces sound from a vibrating string is called a(n) Flutes, whistles, and bagpipes fall into what instrument classification? In earlier eras, young boys and occasionally men with voices in the soprano or alto range sang female parts in church music and on the stage. In the sixteenth century, which musicians became more prominent performers of secular music? Instrument builders have often sought to emulate the human voice. Instrument builders have sought to replicate the sound of the voice, including its characteristic throbbing called The property of sound that gives instruments and voices their unique tone color is The Indian sitar is considered a(n) Which of the following shows the correct order of vocal ranges from highest to lowest? How do specialists classify instruments? The category "chordophones" applies only to Western instruments. The word _________ describes a specific area in the range of an instrument or voice, such as low, middle, or high. Which describes instruments classified as aerophones? Which describes instruments classified as idiophones? Which instrument is NOT an example of a chordophone? chordophone Which of the following factors influence timbre? All possible answers. instrument shape the material from which the instrument is made instrument size Which of the following is an example of a chordophone? Which of the following shows the correct order of vocal ranges from highest to lowest for female voices? Which of the following shows the correct order of vocal ranges from highest to lowest for male voices? Which of the following terms describes instruments made with stretched skins? A pizzicato effect is created on a string instrument when All of the following are indefinite pitch percussion instruments EXCEPT the Which brass instrument dates back to ancient times and was used for religious ceremonies and military signals? Which keyboard instrument is also a wind instrument? On bowed string instruments, sliding the hand along the string while bowing it produces a ________ effect. Percussion instruments are divided into two categories: definite or indefinite pitch. Playing a series of notes smoothly and with connection is called The string family includes which types of instruments? harp aerophones True women singers True vibrato timbre chordophone soprano, alto, tenor, bass by the way they generate their sound False register sound produced by using air sound produced from the substance itself xylophone soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto tenor, baritone, bass membranoophone the strings are plucked. chimes trumpet organ glissando True legato bowed and plucked The "heart" of the orchestra is the _____ section. The bowed string instrument with the highest range is the The instruments of the Western orchestra are categorized into which groups? The opposite of legato is The sousaphone is the marching-band adaptation of which instrument? The term arpeggio, meaning "broken chord," is derived from the name of what instrument? Which brass instrument descended from the ancient hunting horn? Which instrument derives its name from the Italian word meaning "loud-soft"? Which is an example of pitched percussion? Which keyboard instrument produces sound with quills that pluck metal strings? Which of the following is a double-reed instrument? Which instruments are members of the woodwind family? A small vocal ensemble is known as a(n) A symphony orchestra is an example of a chamber ensemble. A woodwind quintet is unusual in that Benjamin Britten’s The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra is a work based on a dance tune by which composer? How many instrumentalists would you expect to find in a chamber group? Vocal music with instrumental accompaniment is called a cappella. Considering The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra, which statement is NOT true? In Benjamin Britten’s The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra, the theme is first stated by In an orchestra, brass instruments are placed near the back of the group Jazz bands usually include Benjamin Britten’s The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra was written specifically to demonstrate In the West, an ensemble of strings coupled with an assortment of woodwinds, brass, and percussion instruments is known as a string The conductor All possible answers. rehearses the ensemble. interprets the music. beats time in metrical patterns. The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra closes with a(n) _______, a polyphonic form popular in the Baroque era (1600–1750). The concertmaster is the The largest section of the Western orchestra is the _______ section. The makeup of a string quartet is Which is NOT a true statement? Who is responsible for systematizing bowing strokes for the string section in an orchestra? Which of the following ensembles relies mainly on winds and percussion? A knowledge of _______ styles helps put a musical work in the context of its creation. violin strings, woodwinds, brass, and percussion staccato tuba harp French horn piano xylophone harpsichord oboe flute, oboe, bassoon, English horn, saxophone choir False it includes a brass instrument. Purcell between two and twelve False The entire orchestra never plays all together. the entire orchestra. because they are loud. a reed section, a brass section, and a rhythm section. different timbres in the orchestra. symphony orchestra. fugue first-chair violinist. string two violins, a viola, and a cello. Choral groups are heterogeneous. the concertmaster band historical Considering the title of Symphony No. 94 in G Major by Joseph Haydn, which is a TRUE statement? We often label art music as Genre describes a musical form. In what century did the Renaissance begin? J. S. Bach’s Minuet in D Minor is from what historical period? Listening Guides in this textbook focus primarily on Most cultures employ sacred music for religious functions. Most musical cultures in the world use written notation to preserve and transmit their music. Music composed for religious purposes is called Musical compositions are often identified through a cataloguing system described by Opus is Latin for Oral transmission is the process of preserving music without written notation. Regarding a symphony, which is NOT a true statement? Which term refers to a category of music? The title indicates the genre and key. "classical" False fifteenth century Baroque Western art music. True False sacred opus numbers. "work." True A symphony is a song written for an orchestra. Which of the following defines the characteristics of style? genre All possible answers. The creator’s personal manner of expression. The individualized treatment of the elements of music. The total language of artists from a style period. The lines that distinguish art music from other kinds are clearly delineated. False Western art music refers to notated and cultivated music of European and EuroAmerican society. Which historical style period lasted less than 100 years? Which is NOT a true statement? Romantic Genres are the same in every culture.