University:
Grand Canyon University
Course:
PHI-305 | Ethical Thinking in the Liberal Arts
Academic year:

2022
Views:

275

Pages:

2
Author:

Marilyn James

Language and Structural Techniques Language Structure Noun : a person, place, thing, idea Simple sentence : contains one clause with a subject and verb Verb : an action or state Compound sentence : contains two independent clauses that are related and joined with a conjunction Modal Verb : expresses necessity or possibility Complex sentence : contains one or more subordinate clause Imperative: Impact sentence or Fragment : contains three or less words gives an order or command Adverb : modifies a verb, adjective, adverb or phrase Repetition : a word or phrase that is used more than once Adjective : describes a noun Triple : three adjectives or phrases used to describe something Pronoun : used in place of a noun Juxtaposition : two things placed together to highlight the contrast between them Superlative : an adjective showing the highest quality or degree Anaphora : the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses Symbolism : the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities Listing : a number of connected items written one after the other to emphasise a particular quality Alliteration : the same letter or sound at the start of adjacent words Links between paragraphs : a recurring idea, character or object in two or more paragraphs to foreground the importance Metaphor : direct comparison of two things without using ‘like’ or ‘as’ Shifts in focus : the change of focus in or between paragraphs Simile : comparing two things using ‘like’ or ‘as’ Zooming in and out : the narrowing or widening of the narrative focus. Personification : the giving of human characteristics to a non-human object Chronological structure : arranged in the order of time Semantic field : the use of a group of words that all link to the same topic Flashback / Flashforward : set earlier or later than the main narrative Hyperbole : exaggeration that should not be taken literally Links between the beginning and ending : a narrative link between the start and end of a text Imagery : vivid description of a particular scene Exposition : introduction of background information on characters, events or settings to help anchor the reader Auditory imagery : vivid description of sounds Climax : the most intense point in the development of the narrative Tactile imagery : vivid description of physical sensation Narrative voice : 1st / 2nd / 3rd person Olfactory imagery : vivid description of smell Direct speech : the speech of a character in “” Gustatory imagery : vivid description of taste / flavour Tense: Kinesthetic imagery : vivid description of movement or body position Foreshadow: past, present, future an advance hint of what is to come later Useful phrases when discussing structural techniques: The writer / author … builds... develops... contrasts... intensifies... reinforces... highlights... foregrounds... isolates... layers... begins... maintains... juxtaposes... sequences... shifts... introduces... emphasises... constructs... organises... guides … anchors …

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