The Roman Empire Located

Where was the Roman empire located and how did the size of the Roman empire change over time? ● Describe​ the location of the Roman empire and how its size changed over time. Introduction: Where was the Roman empire located? ➡​ Directions: ​Examine the maps below and answer the questions that follow. Image​ is courtesy of Wikimedia and is in the public domain. 1. Which ​continent(s)​ was the Roman Empire located on? 2. Which ocean is to the west of the Roman empire? 3. Which sea is at the center of the Roman empire? 4. What do you know about the area of the world where the Roman Empire was located? Identify any historical or modern-day civilizations or countries in that region or events that have taken place. UNIT 3 | Classical Civilizations | ​SQ 20 What was the geographic and historical context for the rise of classical civilizations in Rome? Think Like a Geographer How did different geographic features impact Rome? ➡​ Directions: ​Examine the map below and read the accompanying text and then answer the questions that follow. Unlike in Greece, the Italian peninsula, where Rome originated, did not have any mountains to prevent the area from ​uniting​. The Greek city states were isolated, but in Rome, three geographic features promoted unity. First, Rome was located on a broad ​plain​, a flat area of land. This broad plain supported a growing ​population because it was easy to farm. ​Second, Ancient Rome was located on the Italian Peninsula which juts into the Mediterranean Sea. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded on three sides by water. Rome's location in the Mediterranean Sea made it easier to travel to foreign lands around the sea like North Africa, to conquer new territories, and to develop trade routes. Through these trade routes, Romans came in contact with lots of different people with whom they traded goods, ideas, and technology. Thirdly, two mountain ranges, ​the Alps and ​Apennines protected Ancient Rome from invasions to the north. 1. Identify ​one​ way the geography of Rome was different than Greece. 2. What geographic factors made it possible for the Romans to unite the Italian peninsula? Topographic map of the Italian peninsula. Image modified by New Visions from ​Italy topographic map-blank.svg​ by Eric Gaba and is published under the ​CC BY-SA 3.0​ Unported license. UNIT 3 | Classical Civilizations | ​SQ 20 What was the geographic and historical context for the rise of classical civilizations in Rome? Think Like a Geographer Introduction: Where was the Roman empire located? ➡​ Directions: ​Examine the map below, then fill out the chart with what you see, think and wonder about the size of the Roman empire. 1. Describe the extent of the Roman Republic in 218 BCE. 2. Describe the extent of the Roman Republic in 44 BCE. 3. Based on your study of other empires, how do you think the Romans expanded their territory and consolidated and maintained their power? See Think Wonder List three things you​ see ​in the image above. Based on your observations, how do you think the size of the Roman empire changed over time? Write two questions you have about the picture above. What led to the rise of the Roman Republic? Objective: ● Describe​ the rise of the Roman Republic. Early Rome ➡​ Directions: ​Read the chart and excerpt below, then respond to the questions. ROMAN MONARCHY THE ROMAN REPUBLIC: CONQUEST OF MEDITERRANEAN AND ITALY THE END OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 1200 BCE 800 BCE 509 BCE 450 BCE 264-146 BCE 135-58 BCE 58-51 BCE 45 BCE Etruscan civilization settled north of Rome and later became part of the Republic Early people settle along the Tiber River and near hills in Italy The ​Roman Republic​ is founded and people select leaders The ​Twelve Tables​ law code is published publicly, standardizing the laws and punishments everywhere in the Republic Rome fights the Punic Wars against Carthage​, conquering land​ in Northern Africa Civil War​ and reforms​ in Rome due to unemployment and poverty Julius Caesar emerges ​as absolute ruler of Rome and conquers​ lots of land Julius Caesar​ is assassinat ed ​(stabbed to death) on orders from the Senate Image​ courtesy of openclipart.org and is in the public domain. Image ​courtesy of openclipart.org and is in the public domain. Image​ is courtesy of openclipart.org and is in the public domain. Adventures​ by Ben Markoch is published on the Noun Project under the CC BY 3.0 US​ license. Image​ is courtesy of the Noun Project and is in the public domain. Julius Caesar​ by giacomo palamara is published on the Noun Project under the ​CC BY 3.0 US​ license. Backstab​ by Krisada is published on the Noun Project under the ​CC BY 3.0 US license​. Rome was originally a small town on the banks of the Tiber River and grew in size and strength early on, through trade. The location of the city near the Mediterranean Sea provided merchants with an easily navigable waterway on which to traffic their goods. Greek culture and civilization, which came to Rome via Greek colonies to the south, provided the early Romans with a model on which to build their own culture. From the Greeks they borrowed literacy and religion, as well as their architecture. The Etruscans, to the north, provided a model for trade and urban luxury. Early on, the Romans showed a talent for borrowing and improving upon the skills and concepts of other cultures. The Kingdom of Rome grew rapidly from a trading town to a prosperous city between the 8th and 6th centuries BCE. Though Rome owed its prosperity to trade in the early years, it was war which would make the city a powerful force in the ancient world. The wars with the North African city of Carthage (known as the Punic Wars, 264-146 BCE) consolidated Rome's power and helped the city grow in wealth and prestige. Rome and Carthage were rivals in trade in the Western Mediterranean and, with Carthage defeated, Rome held almost absolute dominance over the region. As the Republic of Rome grew in power and prestige, the city of Rome began to suffer from the effects of corruption, greed and the over-reliance on foreign slave labor. Gangs of unemployed Romans, put out of work by the influx of slaves brought in through territorial conquests, hired themselves out as thugs to do the bidding of whatever wealthy Senator would pay them. The wealthy elite of the city, the Patricians, became ever richer at the expense of the working lower class, the Plebeians. In the 2nd century BCE, the Gracchi brothers, Tiberius and Gaius, two Roman tribunes, lead a movement for land reform and political reform in general. Though the brothers were both killed in this cause, their efforts did spur reforms. 1. Where was Rome located? 2. How did Rome grow in size? 3. Which body of water helped merchants trade their goods? 4. From whom did the Romans borrow many of their ideas about literacy, religion, and architecture? 5. What allowed Rome to be a powerful force in the ancient world? 6. What effect did the Punic Wars have on Rome’s dominance over other regions? 7. How did the Punic Wars impact the plebeians? 8. How did the Punic Wars impact the patricians? What were the social and political characteristics of Rome? Objective: ● Describe​ the social and political characteristics of Rome. Who had power in Rome? ➡​ Directions: ​Examine the image below and answer the questions that follow. 1. What distinguished patricians from plebeians in Roman society? 2. Where did most of the slaves in Rome come from? 3. Could Roman slaves get out of slavery? If so, how? Women in Rome ● considered citizens, but not allowed to vote ● took the social statues of their father or husband 4. Explain the status of women in Roman society. What was the Roman Republic’s government like? ➡​ Directions: ​Examine the chart below then answer the questions on the next page. Magistrates Government workers who put laws and policies into practices Magistrates Government workers who put laws and policies into practices Consuls (2) Two men who shared power in the republic and managed the army and passed laws. They served one year terms and could veto each other. ​Elected​ from the ​patrician class​. Tribunes (10) Representatives of the ​plebeians​ who were elected ​to office by other plebeians. At first had little power, but became more powerful with ability to veto laws that were unfavorable for Plebeians. Tribunes were a ​check on the power of the Senate and Consuls. Senate (300) Made up of ​landowning men​ from the patrician​ class (plebeians were later allowed to serve in the Senate) who gave “advice” in the form of ​suggested laws and politics to the Consuls ​and other members of the government. They had a lot of power and most of their “advice” was put into practice. One could become a senator if they were appointed after serving as a magistrate. Julius Caesar​ by giacomo palamara is published on the Noun Project under the CC BY 3.0 US​ license. Praetors (8) Judges who administered laws; ​elected​ from the ​patrician class Aediles (16) Managed public buildings, food supply and games; ​elected from the ​patrician class *Though magistrates were originally only for men from the patrician class, in the later republic plebeians were allowed to be elected to these positions, even the position of Consul. J Quaestors(20) Managed financial matters Elected ​from the​ patrician class