World History Unit 1 Study Guide

Unit 1: The Global Tapestry Exam Study Guide c. 1200 - c. 1450 Topic 1.1 Developments in East Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450 Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain the systems of government employed by Chinese dynasties and how they developed over time. Empires and states in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in the 13th century. This included the Song Dynasty of China, which utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule. 1. Describe Song China (include SPICE-T characteristics). The Song Empire began in 1960 and lasted until 1279. The Song empire was ruled and founded by emperor Taizu (Zhao Kuangyi). ● had a successful market economy in which they: ○ printed paper money, ○ Traded Porcelaine, gunpowder, tea and more. They were buddhists as well. Emperor Taizu of Song 2. Explain the influence of Confucianism on Song China’s political system. China's class culture had scholar gentry (people who studied Confucianism). ● Scholar gentry gave those who studied confucianism a status in society so they became influential. ● Women were respected but they had to be under someone's rule. Learning Objective Historical Developments 3. Explain the influence of Confucianism on Song China’s society and culture. Explain the effects of Chinese cultural traditions on East Asia over time. Chinese cultural traditions continued, and they influenced neighboring regions. ● Chinas Culture emphasized self-cultivation (coordination of mind and body) Cultural traditions: ● Filial piety in East Asia ● Influence of Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism in East Asia ● Confucian traditions of both respect for and expected deference from women ● Chinese literary and scholarly traditions and their spread to Heian Japan and Korea Buddhism and its core beliefs continued to shape societies in Asia and included a variety of branches, schools, and practices. Branches of Buddhism: ● Theravada ● Mahayana ● Tibetan ● Influenced Song China to be a very patriarchal society that valued scholars and others who were highly educated. 4. How did Buddhism arrive in China? Buddhism entered Han China via the Silk Road and was brought to China by buddhist monks from India during the latter part of the Han dynasty 5. What were the cultural impacts of the arrival of Buddhism? Buddhist culture was embedded deeply into China and many people followed. Confuciansm appealed to the caste system while Buddhism opposed it. The Monastic community was different from other communities because women could lead the community. Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain the effects of innovation on the Chinese economy over time. The economy of Song China became increasingly commercialized while continuing to depend on free peasant and artisanal labor. ● The Grand Canal - connected the old capital to the new one and made camps to educate people The economy of Song China flourished as a result of increased productive capacity, expanding trade networks, and innovations ● Champa rice: caused population explosion and was the beginning of 6. Explain the effects of each of the following on Song China: in agriculture and manufacturing. their strength Technological innovations: ● Champa rice ● Transportation innovations like the Grand Canal expansion ● Steel and iron production ● Textiles and porcelains for export ● Chinese production of textiles and porcelain : caused an increase in many manufactured stuff like steel Topic 1.2 Developments in Dar al-Islam from c. 1200 to c. 1450 Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain how systems of belief and their practices affected society in the period from c. 1200 to c. 1450. Islam, Judaism, Christianity, and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Africa and Asia. 7. List the core beliefs/practices of Islam: Allah (SWT) will bring judgement to the world. There is only one god, and it is Allah. Muhammad is the prophet and messenger of allah. Muhammad spread the Quran which within it contained the words of god, 8. List the core beliefs/practices of Judaism: The Ten Commandments, as written in the Torah, are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Worship no other God but Me. Do not make images to worship. Do not misuse the name of God. Observe the Sabbath Day (Saturday). Keep it Holy. Honor and respect your father and mother. Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. Do not steal. Do not accuse anyone falsely. Do not tell lies about other people. 10.Do not envy other's possessions. 9. List the core beliefs/practices of Christianity: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Love God with all your heart, soul and mind. Jesus is god/the son of god. Love your neighbor as yourself. Christians also seek to follow the ten commandments God gave Moses to give the Israelites: Worship no other God but me. Do not make images to worship. Do not misuse the name of God. Observe the Sabbath Day (Sunday, for Christians). Keep it Holy. Honor and respect your father and mother. Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. Do not steal. Do not accuse anyone falsely. Do not tell lies about other people. Do not envy other's possessions. Learning Objective Historical Developments 10.Describe the Abbasid Caliphate (include SPICE-T characteristics): Explain the causes and effects of the As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of ● Its multicultural, they let other ethnicities be part of the government. They rise of Islamic states over time. which were dominated by Turkic people. These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity. New political entities: ● Seljuk Empire ● Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt ● Delhi Sultanates Muslim rule continued to expand to many parts of Afro-Eurasia due to military expansion, and Islam, subsequently expanded through the activities of merchants, missionaries, and Sufis. ● ● ● ● even allow the Shia muslims and sunni muslims to combine and be government rulers. They moved the capital to baghdad. Banking system based off of paper. University systems to initially build an empire. The abbasids changed the language to persian. 11.Describe the Seljuk Empire: Period: High Middle Ages (1000-1250 AD) Languages: Persian, Oghuz Turkic, Arabic First Sultan: Toghrul I Last Sultan: Toghrul III Religion: Sunni Muslim In the 10th century, a warlord from the Oghuz Turkic tribes known as Seljuk established the Seljuq dynasty. 12.Explain the causes of the expansion of Muslim rule; how and where did it expand before 1450? The abbasid empire, sultanate of delhi, mali empire, sultanate of malacca, east coast of africa, are all regions of islamic regions. The reason why so many people converted to islam is because of the conquest and the trading of the islamic empire 13.What were the effects of the rise of Islamic states? Spread of knowledge: in order to read the quran, all muslims needed to be able to read and understand arabic. The Quran is a big part of the islamic religion. Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain the effects of intellectual innovation in Dar alIslam. Muslim states and empires encouraged significant intellectual innovations and transfers. 14.Describe the intellectual innovations and transfers of Muslim States: Universities and paper money were some of the intellectual innovations. Trading with other countries aided the diffusion of Islam. Innovations: ● Advances in mathematics (Nasir al-Din al-Tusi) ● Advances in literature (A’ishah alBu’uniyyah) ● Advances in medicine Transfers: ● Preservation and commentaries on Greek moral and natural philosophy ● House of Wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad ● Scholarly and cultural transfers in Muslim and Christian Spain This is an example of one of the innovations of muslim states. (House of Wisdom). 15.What effects did these innovations have in Dar al-Islam? People would travel to these universities because they were known for containing large amounts of knowledge. When these people go back to their homeland, they bring back some islamic ideas and culture. 16.Explain the significance of the House of Wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad: The house of wisdom would become a well known knowledge center in the middle east. People would travel there from long distances in order to obtain knowledge, and islamic cultures and traditions would diffuse throught asia and africa and eventually to america. Topic 1.3 Developments in South and Southeast Asia from c. 1200 to c. 1450 Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain how the various belief systems and practices of South and Southeast Asia affected society over time. Hinduism, Islam, and Buddhism, and their core beliefs and practices, continued to shape societies in South and Southeast Asia. Beliefs and practices: ● Bhakti movement ● Sufism ● Buddhist monasticism 17.Explain how Hinduism impacted societies in South and Southeast Asia: Hinduism in Southeast Asia had a profound impact on the region's cultural development and its history. As the Indic scripts were introduced from India, people of Southeast Asia entered the historical period by producing their earliest inscriptions around the 1st to 5th century CE. 18.Explain how Islam impacted societies in South and Southeast Asia: The introduction of Islam’s spread through South-East Asia began in the 7th century through Muslim traders, and Islam has influenced the political environment of south-east asia. 19.Explain how Buddhism impacted societies in South and Southeast Asia: exerted an enormous influence on the civilizations of Southeast Asia and contributed greatly to the development of a written tradition in that area 20.What role did Sufi missionaries play in spreading Islam? Sufi missionaries made Islam appealing by assimilating it into existing religious traditions. 21.What role did Buddhist monasteries play in spreading Buddhism and promoting trade? Contributed to the development of the Silk Road and also built sanghas at strategic points along the trade route. Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain how and why various states of South and Southeast Asia developed and maintained power over time. State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia. 22.How did the Srivijaya Empire develop and maintain power? The Srivijaya Empire developed and maintained power through a combination of trade, diplomacy, and military might. They incorperated buddhism into their society. Hindu/Buddhist States: ● Vijayanagara Empire ● Srivijaya Empire ● Rajput kingdoms ● Khmer Empire ● Majapahit ● Sukhothai kingdom ● Sinhala dynasties Topic 1.4 State Building in the Americas Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain how and why states in the Americas developed and changed over time. In the Americas, as in Afro-Eurasia, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, and expanded in scope and reach. State systems in the Americas: ● Maya city-states ● Mexica ● Inca ● Chaco ● Mesa Verde ● Cahokia 23.D 24.Describe the Inca (include SPICE-T characteristics) : ● The areas which they conquered, they temporarily used them to build infrastructures. ● They had a tribute system and they were agricultural. ● They followed polytheism ● They were constantly trying to expand their empire 25.Describe the Mexica (include SPICE-T characteristics): ● The Aztecs were savages ● No one liked them because they would kidnap people and sacrifice them to light the sun. ● Expansion wasn’t an objective for the Aztecs. TOPIC 1.5 State Building in Africa Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain how and why states in Africa developed and changed over time. In Africa, as in Eurasia and the Americas, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity and expanded in scope and reach. State systems in Africa: ● Great Zimbabwe ● Ethiopia ● Hausa kingdoms 26.Describe Great Zimbabwe (include SPICE-T characteristics): ● ● ● ● ● animistic religion. organized by clans. Their method of control: fighting and conquest with other communities. Used slaves. Got their food by a bit of trading and nomadic farming. 27.Describe Ethiopia (include SPICE-T characteristics) ● Republican government ● They were christian ● Stayed christian while other parts of africa were converting to different religions TOPIC 1.6 Developments in Europe Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain how the beliefs and practices of the predominant religions in Europe affected European society. Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and the core beliefs and practices of these religions continued to shape societies in Europe. 28.Explain the impact of the Roman Catholic Church on Western Europe: The Roman Catholic Church grew in importance after Roman authority declined. It became the unifying force in Western Europe. During the Middle Ages, the Church served the social, political, and religious needs of the people. Christianity in the Middle Ages Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain the causes and consequences of political decentralization in Europe from c. 1200 to 1450. Europe was politically fragmented and characterized by decentralized monarchies, feudalism, and the manorial system. 29.Describe the political organization of feudal Europe: Monarchs, like kings and queens, maintained control and power by the support of other powerful people called lords. Lords were always men who owned extravagant homes, called manors, and estates in the country. 30.Describe the manorial system: A social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were rendered dependent on their land and on their lord. Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain the effects of agriculture on social organization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450. Europe was largely an agricultural society dependent on free and coerced labor, including serfdom. 31.Describe the social hierarchy of feudal Europe: 32.What was the role of serfdom in Europe? A condition in medieval Europe in which a tenant farmer was bound to a hereditary plot of land and to the will of his landlord. 33.What eventually happened to serfdom? (How did it change moving into the 1450-1750 time period)? The black plague hits and takes out ⅔ of the population of the mongols. Bacteria wiped out 70% of the european population. TOPIC 1.7 Comparisons in the Period from c. 1200 to c. 1450 Learning Objective Historical Developments Explain the similarities and differences in the processes of state formation from c. 1200 to c. 1450 State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in various regions ● As the Abbasid Caliphate fragmented, new Islamic political entities emerged, most of which were dominated by Turkic peoples. These states demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity ● Empires and states in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity in the 13th century. This included the Song Dynasty of China, which utilized traditional methods of Confucianism and an imperial bureaucracy to maintain and justify its rule. ● State formation and development demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, including the new Hindu and Buddhist states that emerged in South and Southeast Asia ● In the Americas, as in Afro-Eurasia, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, and expanded in scope and reach ● In Africa, as in Eurasia and the Americas, state systems demonstrated continuity, innovation, and diversity, and expanded in scope and reach CONTEXT STATEMENTS PRACTICE: Instructions: Write a contextual statement for each of the prompts below. This will not only help you review content from Unit 1 (12001450), but also help you practice writing context statements which, if done successfully, can earn you one point on both the DBQ and LEQ essays. To earn this point, the response must relate the topic of the prompt to broader historical events, developments, or processes that occur before, during, or continue after the time frame of the question. This point is not awarded for merely a phrase or reference. The final sentence of your context should narrow down to the topic of the prompt, tying your contextual statement to your thesis statemen Prompt 1: Evaluate the extent to which agriculture affected social organization in Europe from c. 1200 - Europe's economy was based on agriculture, land ownership, and a social structure between the years 1200 and 1450. According to the social structure, the person who controlled the lands had the greatest position, followed by land-owning aristocrats, peasants, and slaves at the bottom. Serfs were the name given to the peasants who served the landowner aristocrats; in exchange for protection from the nobles, they would perform agricultural labor. At the time, this structure was what kept Europe's social system functioning. Prompt 2: Evaluate the extent to which the diffusion of Islam impacted the development of African states in the 1200 - 1450 time period. The spread of Islam had an impact on the growth of African nations between the years 1200 and 1450, bringing new concepts and enhancing traditional African customs. Mosques were constructed as a result of the Mulsim presence. African societies also used oral communication methods. These governments received writing systems from Islam, and many of them adopted Arabic elements into their own languages. Islam's spread also aided African governments in developing their economies through commerce with other Islamic countries. Prompt 3: Evaluate the extent to which belief systems and practices impacted South and Southeast Asian societies in the 1200 - 1450 time period. In South and Southeast Asian societies, the organization of the social hierarchy, political procedures, and other facets of daily life were influenced by belief systems and practices. Both Confucianism and Hinduism have their hierarchies topped by affluent males. In Confucian civilizations, wealthy and educated men had widespread respect and held the majority of social positions, while the poor were poorly regarded and enjoyed few, if any, rights. Prompt 4: Evaluate the extent to which European and East Asian state development differed in the 1200 to 1450 time period. There were some differences between the state development of Europe and East Asia, but not many. Both had a social hierarchy, but in the East Asian state, farmers were valued more highly than merchants, in contrast to the European hierarchy. While East Asian civilization was impacted by Confucianism and Islam, Christian ideals had a significant impact on development in Europe. East Asia's governance was centrally planned and based on previously effective models. However, the smaller regions in Europe received greater attention from the government.