An Investigation into Isotopes Questions Answers

Name: ______ANSWER KEY_________________________ Date: ____________________________ Period: __________ An Investigation into Isotopes Objectives: - To use the periodic table to correctly identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any element. To be able to identifyi similarities/differences between isotopes of the same element To correctly locate each of these subatomic particles within the atom. Important Points to review what we’ve learned so far: 1. Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, & electrons. Write the charge of each subatomic particle. (a.) protons: + (b.) neutrons: 0 (c.) electrons: - 2. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is always equal to the number of protons. 3. The atomic number of an element tells us the number of protons. 4. The mass number of an isotope tells us the number of protons and neutrons. 5. If we wanted to write out the symbol for the isotope of chlorine with a mass number of 37, there are 2 ways: (a.) hyphen-notation: chlorine-37 (b.) nuclear symbol: 37 Cl 17 6. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different masses. 7. Isotopes have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. 8. To get the # of neutrons for an isotope, you subtract the mass number & number of protons. Fruit Loop Activity 11. You need to decide on fruit loop colors for each of the following subatomic particles. Write in the blank provided what color of fruit loop will represent each particle. Protons: (red) varies Neutrons: (blue) varies Part A: Hydrogen Isotopes Using the colors you have chosen, construct a model of the nucleus of the three hydrogen isotopes shown in the table below. Draw a colored sketch of your model below: Hydrogen-1 Hydrogen-2 Hydrogen-3 Fill in the missing information in the table below for each isotope of hydrogen: Isotope Atomic Number Mass Number # protons # neutrons Hydrogen-1 1 1 1 0 Hydrogen-2 1 2 1 1 Hydrogen-3 1 3 1 2 # electrons 1 1 1 1 1 Nuclear Symbol 1 1 2 H 3 H H Part B: Carbon Isotopes Using the same colors you have chosen, construct a model of the nucleus of the three carbon isotopes shown in the table below. Draw a colored sketch of your model below: Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14 Fill in the missing information in the table below for each isotope of carbon: Isotope Atomic Number Mass Number # protons # neutrons # electrons Carbon-12 6 12 6 6 6 6 Nuclear Symbol Part C: Fluorine Isotopes Carbon-13 6 13 6 7 6 6 6 12 C Carbon-14 6 14 6 8 6 13 C 14 C Using the same colors you have chosen, construct a model of the nucleus of the three fluorine isotopes shown in the table below. Draw a colored sketch of your model below: Fluorine-18 Fluorine-19 Fluorine-20 17. Fill in the missing information in the table below for each isotope of fluorine: Isotope Atomic Number Mass Number # protons # neutrons # electrons Fluorine-18 9 18 9 9 9 Fluorine-19 9 19 9 10 9 9 9 18 Nuclear Symbol Fluorine-20 9 20 9 11 9 9 19 F 20 F Questions 1. Which subatomic particle identifies an atom as that of a particular element? proton 2. How is this particle related to the atom’s atomic number? Equal to it 3. Which subatomic particles account for most of an atom’s mass? Protons & neutrons Give the symbol and number of protons in one atom of: Lithium Li, 3 Bromine Br, 35 Bismuth Bi, 83 Iron Copper Tin Sn, 50 Sodium Na, 11 Fe, 26 Oxygen O, 8 Cu, 29 Mercury Hg, 80 Give the symbol and number of electrons in a neutral atom of: Uranium U, 92 Chlorine Iodine Antimony Sb, 51 Xenon Xe, 54 Yttrium Lead I, 53 Manganese Mn, 25 Cl, 17 Y, 39 Determine the number of protons and neutrons for the following isotopes: (a.) sodium-23 #p = 11 #n = 12 Cu #p = 29 #n = 35 (c.) calcium-40 #p = 20 #n = 20 #p = 47 #n = 61 (b.) (d.) 64 29 108 47 Ag Boron B, 5 Pb, 82 F (e.) silver-108 #p = 47 #n = 61 (f.) bromine-80 #p = 35 #n = 45 Write the nuclear symbol & hyphen notation for each of the following isotopes: (a.) mass number of 28 and atomic number of 14 14Si, silicon-28 (b.) 26 protons and 30 neutrons 56 26Fe, iron-56 (c.) 28 atomic number = 2, mass number = 4 He, helium-4 2 4 (d.) 47 protons and 49 neutrons 47Ag, silver-96 (e.) atomic number = 19, mass number = 39 39 19K, potassium-39 96 If you know only the following information can you always determine what the element is? (Yes/No). (a.) number of protons yes (b.) number of neutrons no (c.) number of electrons in a neutral atom yes Extension Opportunity: Which isotope of carbon is most common? How did you determine this? (Cite specific evidence). Explanations will vary. carbon-12 (98.89% abundance)