Regents Physics Review

KINEMATICS 1. The graph below represents the relationship between speed and time for an object moving along a straight line. speed vs. time graph What is the total distance traveled by the object during the first 4 seconds? (1) 5 m (2) 20 m (3) 40 m (4) 80 m 2. A skater increases her speed uniformly from 2.0 m/s to 7.0 m/s over a distance of 12 meters. The magnitude of her acceleration as she travels this 12 meters is   (1) 0.9 m/s² (2) 2.2 m/s² (3) 2.4 m/s² (4) 3.8 m/s² 3. A softball player leaves the batter's box, overruns first base by 3.0 meters, and then returns to first base. Compared to the total distance traveled by the player, the magnitude of the player's total displacement from the batter's box is   (1) smaller (2) larger (3) the same   4. A child walks 5.0 meters north, then 4.0 meters east, and finally 2.0 meters south. What is the magnitude of the resultant displacement of the child after the entire walk?   (1) 1.0 m (2) 6.0 m (3) 3.0 m (4) 11.0 m 5. Which graph best represents the motion of a block accelerating uniformly down an inclined plane? four graphs showing different distance vs. time plots 6. The speed of a car is increased uniformly from 20. meters per second to 30. meters per second in 4.0 seconds. The magnitude of the car's average acceleration in this 4.0-second interval is   (1) 0.40 m/s² (2) 2.5 m/s² (3) 10 m/s² (4) 13 m/s² 7. A roller coaster, traveling with an initial speed of 15 meters per second, decelerates uniformly at -7.0 meters per second per second to a full stop. Approximately how far does the roller coaster travel during its deceleration?   (1) 1.0 m (2) 2.0 m (3) 16 m (4) 32 m 8. In a 4.0-kilometer race, a runner completes the first kilometer in 5.9 minutes, the second kilometer in 6.2 minutes, the third kilometer in 6.3 minutes, and the final kilometer in 6.0 minutes. The average speed of the runner for the race is approximately (1) 0.16 km/min (2) 0.33 km/min (3) 10 km/min (4) 24 km/min   9. The diagram below represents the relationship between velocity and time of travel for four cars, A, B, C, and D, in straight-line motion.   10. Which graph best represents the motion of an object whose speed is increasing? 11. Which vector diagram represents the greatest magnitude of displacement for an object? 12. Which pair of graphs represent the same motion? 13. The map below shows the route traveled by a school bus. What is the magnitude of the total displacement of the school bus from the start to the end of its trip?   (1) 400 m (2) 500 m (3) 800 m (4) 1,800 m Visual Elements: Graphs: A velocity vs. time graph with four lines representing the motion of cars A, B, C, and D. Four distance vs. time graphs labeled (1), (2), (3), and (4). Four displacement vs. time graphs labeled (1), (2), (3), and (4). Diagrams: Vector diagrams illustrating different displacements. A map showing the route traveled by a school bus. Labels: Labels for axes on the graphs (e.g., "Velocity," "Time," "Distance"). Labels for the different cars (A, B, C, D). Labels for the directions on the map. Handwritten text: Notes and calculations written by hand alongside the graphs and diagrams. For example: "Slope = acceleration," "Steeper slope = greater acc." 8. The diagram below shows a force of magnitude F applied to a mass at angle θ relative to a horizontal frictionless surface. 12. Compared to the force needed to start sliding a crate across a rough level floor, the force needed to keep it sliding once it is moving is (1) less (2) greater (3) the same   13. The diagram below shows a block sliding down a plane inclined at angle θ with the horizontal. As angle θ is increased, the horizontal acceleration of the mass   (1) decreases (2) increases (3) remains the same As angle θ is increased, the coefficient of kinetic friction between the bottom surface of the block and the surface of the incline will   (1) decrease (2) increase (3) remain the same   9. A person is standing on a bathroom scale in an elevator car. If the scale reads a value greater than the weight of the person at rest, the elevator car could be moving   (1) downward at constant speed (2) upward at constant speed (3) downward at increasing speed (4) upward at increasing speed   10. A 40.-kilogram mass is moving across a horizontal surface at 5.0 meters per second. What is the magnitude of the net force required to bring the mass to a stop in 8.0 seconds?   (1) 1.0 N (2) 5.0 N (3) 5.0 N   (4) 40. N 11. A 2.0-kilogram laboratory cart is sliding across a horizontal frictionless surface at a constant velocity of 4.0 meters per second east. What will be the cart's velocity after a 6.0-newton westward force acts on it for 2.0 seconds?   (1) 2.0 m/s east (2) 2.0 m/s west (3) 10. m/s east (4) 10. m/s west   14. When a 12-newton horizontal force is applied to a box on a horizontal tabletop, the box remains at rest. The force of static friction acting on the box is   (1) 0 N (2) between 0 N and 12 N (3) 12 N (4) greater than 12 N   15. A constant unbalanced force is applied to an object for a period of time. Which graph best represents the acceleration of the object as a function of elapsed time?   [Four graphs showing different acceleration vs. time plots] Visual Elements: Diagrams: A diagram showing a force vector acting on a mass at an angle. A diagram of a block sliding down an inclined plane. Four graphs illustrating different acceleration vs. time relationships. Equations: Several physics equations are written, including: F = ma (Newton's second law) a = Δv/t (acceleration) F_friction = μN (friction force) 16. A 400-newton girl standing on a dock exerts a force of 100 newtons on a 10,000-newton sailboat as she pushes it away from the dock. How much force does the sailboat exert on the girl?   (1) 25 N (2) 100 N (3) 400 N (4) 10,000 N   17. Which graph best represents the motion of an object that is not in equilibrium as it travels along a straight line? [Four graphs are provided, each showing different relationships between distance, speed, and time.] 18. Equilibrium exists in a system where three forces are acting concurrently on an object. If the system includes a 5.0-newton force due north and a 2.0-newton force due south, the third force must be   (1) 7.0 N south (2) 7.0 N north (3) 3.0 N south (4) 3.0 N north 19. An astronaut weighs 500 newtons on Earth and 25 newtons on asteroid X. The acceleration due to gravity on asteroid X is approximately (1) 1 m/s² (2) 2 m/s² (3) 0.2 m/s² (4) 0.5 m/s² 20. Two forces are applied to a 2.0-kilogram block on a frictionless horizontal surface, as shown in the diagram below. [Diagram shows a 2.0 kg block with two forces acting on it: F1 = 8.0 N to the right and F2 = 3.0 N to the left.]   The acceleration of the block is (1) 1.5 m/s² to the right (2) 2.5 m/s² to the left (3) 2.5 m/s² to the right (4) 4.0 m/s² to the left 21. A 15-kilogram mass weighs 60. newtons on planet X. The mass is allowed to fall freely from rest near the surface of the planet. After falling for 6.0 seconds, the acceleration of the mass is   (1) 0.25 m/s² (2) 10. m/s² (3) 24 m/s² (4) 0 m/s² 22. A 2,400-kilogram car is traveling at a speed of 20. meters per second. Compared to the magnitude of the force required to stop the car in 12 seconds, the magnitude of the force required to stop the car in 6.0 seconds is   (1) half as great (2) twice as great (3) the same (4) four times as great   23. A 5-newton force directed east and a 5-newton force directed north act concurrently on a point. The resultant of the two forces is   (1) 10. N northeast (2) 10. N southeast (3) 7 N northeast (4) 7 N southwest 24. The diagram below shows a block on a horizontal frictionless surface. A 100.-newton force acts on the block at an angle of 30.° above the horizontal.   What is the magnitude of force F if it establishes equilibrium? (1) 50.0 N   (2) 86.6 N (3) 100. N (4) 187 N 25. The graph below represents the relationship between the forces applied to an object and the corresponding accelerations produced.   What is the inertial mass of the object?   (1) 1.0 kg (2) 2.0 kg (3) 0.50 kg (4) 1.5 kg 26. A 50.-newton horizontal force is needed to keep an object weighing 500. newtons moving at a constant velocity of 2.0 meters per second across a horizontal surface. The magnitude of the frictional force acting on the object is   (1) 500. N (2) 450. N (3) 50. N (4) 0 N 27. A wooden block is at rest on a horizontal steel surface. If a 10.-newton force applied parallel to the surface is required to set the block in motion, how much force is required to keep the block moving at constant velocity?   (1) less than 10. N (2) greater than 10. N   (3) 10. N 28. Two students push on a sled. One pushes with a force of 30. newtons east and the other exerts a force of 40. newtons south, as shown in the topview diagram below.   Which vector best represents the resultant of these two forces?   [Four vectors are shown] 29. The diagram below represents a block sliding down an incline. Which vector best represents the frictional force acting on the block? (1) A (2) B   (3) C (4) D