Aspects Influencing Public Policy Implementation According to Edwards III, policy implementation can be interpreted as part of the stages of the policy process, which is positioned between the stages of policy formulation and the consequences caused by the policy (output, outcome). Furthermore, Edward III identified aspects that allegedly contributed to the implementation of policies, namely: communication, resources, disposition or attitude of implementers, and bureaucratic structure. The four aspects affect the implementation of policies, either directly or indirectly, and each aspect influences each other on other aspects (Wahyudi, 2016). a. Authority / Bureaucratic Structure Authority is the authority / legitimacy for implementers in implementing politically determined policies (Afandi &; Warjio, 2015). This authority relates to the bureaucratic structure attached to institutional positions / strata or individuals as policy implementers. The main characteristics of bureaucracy are generally contained in work procedures or Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and organizational fragmentation. b. Communication Communication is an activity that causes others to interpret an idea / idea, especially that intended by the speaker or writer through an ordinary system (usual) both with symbols, signals, and behavior (Wardhani, Hasiolan, & Minarsih, 2016). Communication affects the implementation of public policy, where bad communication can have adverse effects on policy implementation. Communication dimensions that can affect the implementation of public policies include: transmission, consistency, and clarity (Winarno, 2012). The achievement of successful implementation of public policy requires implementers to know what must be done clearly; Policy goals and objectives should be informed to the target group so as to reduce the gap between policy plan and implementation. If the delivery of information about the goals and objectives of a policy to the target group is unclear, there may be resistance from the target group (A fandi &; W arjio, 2015). Communication skills are directed so that activity implementers can negotiate with each other and find points of understanding / consensus that are mutually beneficial. Consensus can improve personal performance at work by finding win-win solution conditions for each problem (Ramdhani & Suryadi, 2005). c. Resources Policy implementation must be supported by the availability of resources (human, material, and methods). The implementation of public policies needs to be done carefully, clearly, and consistently, but if implementers lack the necessary resources, then policy implementation will tend to be unable to be implemented effectively. Without the support of resources, policies will only become unrealized documents to provide solutions to problems that exist in the community, or efforts to provide services to the community. Thus, resources are an important factor in implementing public policy. Resources in the implementation of public policies include: adequate staff, information, funding, authority, and other supporting facilities (Afandi &; Warjio, 2015). d. Disposition or attitude of the executor Disposition is the character and characteristics possessed by policy implementers, such as commitment, discipline, honesty, intelligence, and democratic nature (Wahab, 2010). If the policy implementer has a good disposition, then he is strongly suspected to carry out the policy well, otherwise if the policy implementer has an attitude or perspective that is different from the purpose and direction of the policy, it is possible that the policy implementation process will not be effective and efficient. The disposition or attitude of the implementers will cause support or obstacles to the implementation of the policy depending on the suitability of competence and attitude of the implementation. Therefore, the selection and determination of policy implementing personnel requires individuals who have the right competence and dedication to the established policies (Afandi &; Warjio, 2015). Furthermore, Subarsono (2011) compiled several theories related to variables that affect the implementation of public policy, including: 1. Theory of Merilee S. Grindle The implementation of public policy in Merilee S. Grindle's theory is influenced by two major variables, namely: the content of policy; and the context of implementation. These variables include: the extent to which the interests of the target group are contained in the content of the policy; the type of benefit received by the target group; the extent of desired changes of a policy; whether the placement of the program location is appropriate; whether a policy has mentioned its implementer in detail; and whether a program is supported by adequate resources (Subarsono, 2011). 2. The theory of Daniel A. Mazmanian and Paul A. Sabatier This theory mentions three groups of variables that affect the success of public policy implementation, namely: characteristics of the problem (tractability of the problems), characteristics of policies / laws (ability of statute to structure implementation), and environmental variables (nonstatutory variables affecting implementation) (Subarsono, 2011). 3. The theory of Donald S. Van Meter and Carl E. Van Horn Meter and Horn theory states that at least five variables are found that affect the performance of public policy implementation, namely: policy standards and objectives; Resources; communication between organizations and strengthening of activities; characteristics of the executing agent; and social, economic and political conditions. (Subarsono, 2011) Dimensions of Public Policy Implementation Based on several concepts and the nature of actions related to the implementation of Good Governance, according to the author's understanding, policy implementation can be measured / evaluated based on dimensions: consistency, transparency, accountability, fairness, effectiveness, and efficiency. a. Consistency Policy implementation takes place well if policy implementation is carried out consistently by adhering to applicable procedures and norms (Mutiasari, Yamin, &; Alam, 2016). b. Transparency Transparency is freedom of access to information that should be known by the public and / or interested parties (Coryanata, 2012). Information related to the implementation of public policies needs to be open, easy, and accessible to all parties in need, and provided adequately, and easily understood (Rohman, 2016). c. Accountability Every activity of implementing public policies must be accountable both administratively and substantively, in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations (Rohman, 2016). d. Justice Justice in general can be understood as goodness, benevolence, and truth, which binds between community members in realizing harmony between the use of rights and the implementation of obligations (Nasution, 2016). Fairness in public policy is manifested in non-discriminatory service activities. The implementation of public policies does not distinguish the quality of service in target groups based on considerations of ethnicity, race, religion, class, social status, and others (Rohman, 2016). e. Participatory Community participation is the involvement and participation of the community in the implementation of policies. In addition to supporting policy implementation, public participation will have an impact on the process of evaluation/control over government performance and can be able to minimize abuse of authority. Community participation is the key to the success of public policy implementation because participation involves aspects of supervision and aspirations. The supervision referred to here includes supervision of the executive through the legislature (Coryanata, 2012). Based on this description, policy implementation should be participatory, namely the implementation of policies that can encourage community participation by taking into account the aspirations, needs, interests, and expectations of the community (Rohman, 2016) f. Effectiveness Effectiveness relates to the achievement of predetermined results, or the achievement of the objectives of the implementation of actions, which relate to aspects of technical rationality, and are always measured from product or service units (Dunn, 2003). In the implementation of public policy, effectiveness is measured by the success of achieving the goals and objectives that have been set in public policy. g. Efficiency Efficiency relates to the amount of resource use required to produce a certain level of effectiveness. Efficiency is the relationship between effectiveness and resource use (Dunn, 2003). The measure indicator that can be used in the efficiency dimension is the use of resources needed to achieve the specified goals, which can be measured by the level of use of time, costs, people, equipment, and other resources.