Chapter 1 Sociology

Chapter 1: What is Sociology? Questions! 1. To which discipline, besides Sociology, did Max Weber contribute in his writings?! " Economics and Comparative Religion! 2. Max Weber divided all human behavior into four categories based on the object of its " " orientation. Identify the orientation of each of the four examples! " A). Studying to become a member of the clergy = toward higher values! " B). Getting the mail out of the mailbox = toward habit! " C). Plotting revenge against a disloyal friend = toward emotions! " D). Cheating on oneÕs income tax returns = toward self-interest! 3. What is the process of socialization about during childhood?! " Developing an awareness of social norms, values and achieving a distinct sense of self! 4. What central thesis did Karl Marx have in mind when he talked about Òthe materialist " " conception of historyÓ! " The main sources of social change are economic inßuences! 5. According to Functionalism, the idea that every social activity has a function is best understood by analogy too ?! " The purpose of an organ in the human body! 6. What is an example of social constructions?! " Green paper rectangles can be used to buy things! " People shake hands to signal friendly intentions! 7. Using Karl MarxÕs theory, identify each item as a characteristic of either the ruling class of the working class! " A). Their income consists of wages earned from employment = Working class! " B). Collectively, they are Òthe richÓ = Ruling class! " C). Collectively, they are Òthe poorÓ = Working class! " D). They own capital, that is, the means of production = Ruling class! 8. Durkheim uses the word ÒAnomieÓ to refer to a very speciÞc condition. What is that condition?! " A feeling of aimlessness or despair, due to the constant change typical of modern life! 9. In Max WeberÕs view, what is the problem with bureaucracy?! " It is a threat to democracy! 10. According to Emile Durkheim, a society can only endure over time if its specialized institutions function as an integrated whole - a form of social cohesion that Durkheim called ? Solidarity! " Organic! 11. Which two American sociologists were part of the functionalist tradition?! " Robert K. Merton! " Talcott Parsons! 12. Match each author to the title of one of his most important works! " Emile Durkheim = The Division of Labor in Society! " Karl Marx = Capital! " Max Weber = The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism! " Auguste Conte = Positive Philosophy! 13. When we view the world through the prism of the sociological imagination, in which ways are we aûected?! " We gain self-understanding, We see the social world from many perspectives, We are better able to assess the results of public policy initiatives! 14. What makes a social fact a social constraint?! " Any person who ignores the social fact will encounter diûculty! 15. Ideas developed to increase the power of a social group and to overcome resistance are called ?! " Ideologies! 16. Although Weber was inßuenced by Karl Marx, he rejected some of MarxÕs doctrines, Weber agreed that economic factors matter, but he rejected MarxÕs materialist conception of history! 17. What is the common theme of the many diûerent strands of feminist theory?! " The goal of explaining and eliminating gender inequalities! 18. What is the central message of postmodernism?! " History follows no overarching plot or narrative! 19. What, according to C. Wright Mills, is the function of the sociological imagination?! " To understand our personal experiences as part of a larger framework of events! 20. According to Auguste Comte, What is the proper role of sociology?! " To study human society scientiÞcally! 21. Place sociological theories in order from broadest to narrowest scope! " A. MarxÕs theory of class struggle (Broad)! " B. The theory of relative deprivation! " C. A theory of moral development of children! " D. A symbolic-interactionist theory of dating! 22. ThemeÕs that are important to Emile Durkheim! " The divisions of labor and the social factors that lead to suicide! " !