Hallucinogens - Alter perceptions, mood, and cognition - Vary widely depending on the type - Hallucinations are hallmark feature of these drugs - Also cause heightened emotional states and altered senses of space and time - Found in more than 90 species of plants - usually orally administered - Referred to as psychotomimetic because they mimic psychosis - 5 classes of hallucinogens Types of Hallucinogens - Serotonergic Hallucinogens - Increase action of serotonin in the brain - Lysergic acid diethylamide - Schedule I - Synthetic - Tablets, blotter paper, and liquid form - Vivid visual hallucinations and extreme mood changes - Distorted perceptions - Impairs judgement - Psilocybin - Schedule I - Comes from mushroom plant - Similar effects as LSD - Mescaline - Schedule I - From the peyote cactus - Can also be synthesized - Ibogaine, harmaline, and dimethyltryptamine - Also, from planta - Methylated Amphetamines - MDMA - Synthetic drug - Has stimulant and hallucinogenic effects - Altered time and visual perception - Club drug – popular at night clubs and raves - Anticholinergic hallucinogens - Acetylcholine receptor antagonists - Atropine and scopolamine - Found in plants - Hallucinations, delirium, agitation, and memory disturbances - Dreamlike trance state/no memory of experience - Higher doses can lead to paralysis, convulsions, and death Current Drug Law in the U.S - Schedule I - LSD, Psilocybin, MDMA - Schedule II - PCP - Scopolamine - Schedule III - Ketamine Acute Effects of Hallucinogens - Nonpharmacological factors are very important in the hallucinogen drug experience - Expectations - Setting