Information Systems An Overview Part 2

87. An information system collects past data for performance reports and current data for operational reports. This shows that the data component of the information system has a(n) _____. a. time orientation b. phase orientation c. log orientation d. active orientation ANSWER: a 88. A(n) _____, the heart of an information system, is a collection of all relevant facts organized in a series of integrated files. a. procedur e b. database c. process d. object ANSWER: b 89. Users need to be able to make use of _____, such as rumors, unconfirmed reports, and stories, when solving problems. a. informal information b. interfacing data c. prescribed information d. formal data ANSWER: a 90. Computer networks, database systems, point-of-sale (POS) systems, etc., are few examples of information technologies that support information systems in ____. a. decision making b. strategic planning c. orientation focusing d. consumer building ANSWER: a 91. A ____is designed to reduce the cost of transporting materials while maintaining safe and reliable delivery. a. logistics information system b. personnel information system c. manufacturing information system d. marketing information system ANSWER: a 92. A ____is typically used to support decisions related to managing an organization’s cash flows. a. financial information system b. logistics information system c. manufacturing information system d. marketing information system ANSWER: a 93. A comprehensive framework called the ____was created by Harvard Business School’s Michael Porter for analyzing an organization, its position in the marketplace, and how information systems could be used to make the organization more competitive. a. Five Forces Model b. Six Sigma Model c. Three Pyramid Model d. Four Resources Model ANSWER: a 94. ____is one of the forces of the Five Forces Model created by Michael Porter. a. Rivalry among customers b. Government regulations c. Threat of new entrants d. Taxable services ANSWER: c 95. According to Porter’s Five Forces Model, ____is low when customers have more options. a. supplier power b. buyer power c. new entrant power d. competitor power ANSWER: a 96. In the context of the IT job market, the top information systems job belongs to the ____. a. chief technology officer b. systems analyst c. webmaster d. computer programmer ANSWER: a 97. In the context of IT jobs in the information systems field, a ____is typically responsible for providing network and cybersecurity. a. network administrator b. cyber police c. network programmer d. cyber activist ANSWER: a 98. In the context of IT jobs in the information systems field, a ____is responsible for database design and implementation. a. database administrator b. database programmer c. database strategist d. database developer ANSWER: a 99. In the context of IT jobs in the information systems field, a ____designs and maintains an organization’s Web site. a. webmaster b. web designer c. web developer d. web host provider ANSWER: a 100. _____ help a person connect with friends, family, and colleagues online and meet people with similar interests and hobbies. a. Tender portals b. Social networking sites c. Archives panels d. Classified advertisements ANSWER: b 101. _____ is a social networking site. a. LinkedI n b. Yahoo c. Bing d. Baidu ANSWER: a 102. Which of the following is an example of a social networking site? a. Truecaller b. Google+ c. eBay d. PayPal ANSWER: b 103. Social networking sites can reduce organizations’ costs by _____. a. giving customers more access to all sorts of organizational information b. limiting buyers’ choices by offering services that make it difficult for customers to switch c. providing an inexpensive medium for targeting a large customer base d. customizing the organization’s Web site and offering many options to customers ANSWER: c 104. _____ is skill in using productivity software, such as word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, and presentation software. a. Network literacy b. Business literacy c. Information literacy d. Computer literacy ANSWER: d 105. Jack knows how to use word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation software. He also has a basic knowledge of hardware, software, and the Internet. Given this information, it can be concluded that Jack has _____. a. network literacy b. computer literacy c. information literacy d. business literacy ANSWER: b 106. _____ is understanding the role of information in generating and using business intelligence. a. Information literacy b. Business ability c. Business mastery d. Information retrieval ANSWER: a 107. _____ provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and environments and gives organizations a competitive advantage in the marketplace. a. Business intelligence b. Business differentiation c. Business indexing d. Business exploration ANSWER: a 108. In the context of computer literacy and information literacy, to be competitive in a workplace, knowledge workers should _____. a. know how and why data is collected b. avoid indexing and updating data c. restrict themselves to the use of formal information d. refrain from using business intelligence tools ANSWER: a 109. In the context of computer literacy and information literacy, which of the following is true of knowledge workers? a. They should know how to increase strategic dissonance. b. They should know how data should be indexed and updated. c. They should restrict themselves to the use of informal information. d. They should avoid collecting data from external sources. ANSWER: b 110. Which of the following statements is true of transaction-processing systems? a. They focus on data collection and processing. b. They focus on integrating hardware and software technologies. c. They focus on integrating data, processes, and human elements. d. They focus on maximizing human involvement. ANSWER: a 111. Transaction-processing systems _____. a. involve low volumes of data b. require extensive managerial judgment c. involve operations that are repetitive d. require maximum human involvement ANSWER: c 112. Which of the following is a software component of a management information system (MIS)? a. Commercial programs b. Barcode readers c. Memory devices d. Application servers ANSWER: a 113. In designing a management information system (MIS), the first task is to _____. a. clearly define the system’s objectives b. collect and analyze data c. provide information in a useful format d. use information for decision making ANSWER: a 114. In designing a management information system (MIS), after defining the system’s objectives, the next step is to _____. a. provide information in a useful format b. collect and analyze data c. use information for decision making d. integrate the hardware and software components ANSWER: b 115. The final task in designing a management information system (MIS) is _____. a. collecting and analyzing internal and external data for accuracy and relevancy b. providing information in a useful format for decision-making purposes c. clearly defining the system’s objectives d. integrating hardware and software components ANSWER: b 116. The data component of an information system is: a. the input to the information system. b. a series of integrated files containing relevant facts. c. a set of facts that have been analyzed by the process component. d. the output of the information system. ANSWER: a 117. In the context of the data component of an information system, internal data sources include _____. a. personnel records b. population statistics c. economic conditions d. government agencies ANSWER: a 118. In the context of the data component of an information system, external data sources include _____. a. transaction data b. personnel records c. labor statistics d. sales records ANSWER: c 119. Which of the following statements is true of the data component of an information system? a. Current data is collected for performance reports. b. Disaggregated data reports overall performance during a particular sales quarter. c. Aggregated data enables decision makers to focus on specific factors. d. Future data is predicted for budgets or cash flow reports. ANSWER: d 120. In a management information system, structuring the data component to define what type of data is collected and in what form is usually easy if an organization has _____. a. defined its strategic goals, objectives, and critical factors b. laid out the cause of any past failure due to conflicting objectives and indefinite targets c. focused on its competitors in the market rather than on the critical success factors d. employees who are aware of the current marketing strategies ANSWER: a 121. Database management systems _____. a. are used to create, organize, and manage databases b. improve routing and delivery schedules of databases c. are written for specific database applications d. include transaction-processing reports for database analysis ANSWER: a 122. Microsoft Access is an example of a(n) _____. a. operational resource toolkit system b. enterprise resource planning system c. database management system d. knowledge management system ANSWER: c 123. _____ is a database management system (DBMS) that is suitable for a large organization. a. Microsoft Access b. FileMaker Pro c. Oracle d. Java ANSWER: c 124. The purpose of an information system’s _____ component is generating the most useful type of information for making decisions. a. process b. internal data c. external data d. database ANSWER: a 125. The _____ component of an information system consists of raw facts and by itself is difficult to use for making decisions. a. cache b. kernel c. data d. process ANSWER: c 126. In the context of the major components of an information system, which of the following is a difference between information and data? a. Unlike data, information is considered the input to an information system. b. Unlike data, information can be collected in aggregated and disaggregated forms. c. Unlike data, information by itself is difficult to use for making decisions. d. Unlike data, information consists of facts that have been analyzed by the process component. ANSWER: d 127. Which of the following is essential for information to be useful? a. Relevance b. Summarization c. Language independence d. Data variability ANSWER: a 128. To be useful, information systems should _____. a. use command line user interfaces b. generate raw data, which can be used for decision making c. produce information in different formats d. not use rumors, unconfirmed reports, and stories ANSWER: c 129. Truzan Creations, one of the leading names in the handicraft industry, recently launched a new artifact in the market. The company uses a database to store information on the number of products manufactured, the weekly sales, the list of suppliers, and the profits achieved. The process component of the information system is used to conduct analysis on the data to generate information about sales. Which of the following can be used by Truzan Creations to generate predictions for its next sales period? a. Forecasting models b. Estimation graphs c. Modeling charts d. Theoretical hypotheses ANSWER: a 130. The four Ms of resources in information systems are _____. a. management, motivation, manpower, and monitoring b. materials, money, modeling, and monitoring c. manpower, machinery, materials, and money d. manpower, monitoring, movement, and modeling ANSWER: c 131. Which of the following statements is true of an intranet? a. It is a network within an organization that uses Internet protocols and technologies. b. It is a network that covers a wide area with the help of rented telecommunication lines. c. It is a network where a computer is connected to the Internet and acts as a gateway for other devices. d. It is a widely available public network of interconnected computer networks. ANSWER: a 132. A personnel information system (PIS) helps in _____. a. choosing the best job candidate b. improving transportation budgeting c. calculating product costs d. determining portfolio structures ANSWER: a 133. Decisions related to scheduling and assigning employees can be supported by a _____. a. personnel information system b. manufacturing information system c. financial information system d. logistics information system ANSWER: a 134. A _____ provides reports and statistics on employee demographics. a. manufacturing information system b. marketing information system c. logistics information system d. personnel information system ANSWER: d 135. Which of the following statements is true of a personnel information system (PIS) in an organization? a. It helps make decisions related to allocating human and financial resources. b. It helps make decisions related to reducing the cost of transporting materials. c. It helps make decisions related to increasing product quality. d. It helps make decisions related to minimizing capital investment risks. ANSWER: a 136. Which of the following decisions is supported by a logistics information system (LIS)? a. Predicting an organization’s future personnel needs b. Minimizing capital investment risks c. Determining portfolio structures d. Selecting the best modes of transportation ANSWER: d 137. Which of the following is a difference between a logistics information system (LIS) and a financial information system (FIS)? a. An LIS supports decisions related to space utilization, whereas an FIS supports decisions related to scheduling and assigning employees. b.An LIS supports decisions related to monitoring cost trends, whereas an FIS supports decisions related to product cost calculations. c. An LIS supports decisions related to improving budget allocation, whereas an FIS supports decisions related to allocating human and financial resources. d.An LIS supports decisions related to improving shipment planning, whereas an FIS supports decisions related to determining portfolio structures. ANSWER: d 138. Which of the following decisions is supported by a manufacturing information system (MFIS)? a. Determination of portfolio structures b. Analysis of price changes and discounts c. Improvement of routing and delivery schedules d. Monitoring of cost trends ANSWER: b 139. Which of the following decisions is supported by a financial information system (FIS)? a. Determining portfolio structures b. Choosing the best job candidate c. Improving routing and delivery schedules d. Analyzing sales personnel ANSWER: a 140. Which of the following systems supports sales forecasting? a. Logistics information systems b. Personnel information systems c. Marketing information systems d. Financial information systems ANSWER: c 141. According to Michael Porter, which of the following strategies can be followed by an organization to successfully compete in the marketplace? a. Groupthink b. Brainstormin g c. Simulation d. Focus ANSWER: d 142. _____ strategy was identified by Michael Porter, a professor at Harvard Business School, for successfully competing in the marketplace. a. Transformational leadership b. Differentiation c. Groupthink collaboration d. Simulation ANSWER: b 143. In the context of using information technologies for a competitive advantage, which of the following statements is true of a bottom-line strategy? a. It focuses on improving efficiency by reducing overall costs. b. It focuses on generating new revenue by offering new products and services. c. It focuses on enhancing rivalry among existing competitors. d. It focuses on helping different market segments achieve a cost advantage. ANSWER: a 144. In the context of using information technologies for a competitive advantage, which of the following statements is true of a top-line strategy? a. It focuses on generating new revenue by offering new products and services. b. It focuses on improving efficiency by reducing overall costs. c. It focuses on refining operations by using latest technologies. d. It focuses on helping different market segments achieve technological advancement. ANSWER: a 145. In the context of using information technologies for a competitive advantage, a top-line strategy focuses on: a. helping different market segments achieve technological advancement. b. improving efficiency by reducing overall costs. c. refining operations by using latest technologies. d. increasing revenue by selling existing products to new customers. ANSWER: d 146. A _____, identified by Michael Porter, helps organizations make their products and services distinct from their competitors. a. simulation strategy b. leadership strategy c. focus strategy d. differentiation strategy ANSWER: d 147. _____ is high when customers have many choices and low when they have few choices. a. Buyer power b. Threat of new services c. Rivalry among existing customers d. Risk of substitute products ANSWER: a 148. In the context of Porter’s Five Forces Model, an organization limits buyers’ choices by: a. encouraging the use of the Internet to gather information about products. b. launching duplicate products or services in the marketplace. c. offering services that make it difficult for customers to switch. d. charging market competitive rates for its products or services. ANSWER: c 149. In the context of Porter’s Five Forces Model, which of the following is a difference between buyer power and supplier power? a. Buyer power is low when customers have many choices, whereas supplier power is low when customers have fewer options. b.Buyer power is high when customers have few choices, whereas supplier power is high when customers have more options. c. Buyer power is low when customers have many options, whereas supplier power is low when customers have more choices. d.Buyer power is high when customers have many choices, whereas supplier power is high when customers have fewer options. ANSWER: d 150. In the context of IT jobs, a _____ must have knowledge and understanding of data warehouse and data-mining tools. a. systems mining analyst b. data design officer c. web strategist d. database administrator ANSWER: d 151. _____ refers to computing devices everywhere with different sizes and power and accessed through multiple formats such as voice, touch, and gesture. a. Ubiquitous computing b. Cloud computing c. Context aware computing d. Pervasive computing ANSWER: a 152. _____ refers to building and integrating analytics capabilities into all everyday business activities. a. Pervasive analytics b. Artificial intelligence c. Business analytics d. Business intelligence ANSWER: a 153. _____ refers to widespread applications and deployment of devices that know users, their devices, and their locations and serve as intelligent assistants to businesses and individuals. a. Context aware computing b. Cloud computing c. Ubiquitous computing d. Pervasive response computing ANSWER: a 154. For the past 60 years, _____have been applied to structured tasks such as record keeping, simple clerical operations, and inventory control. a. transaction-processing systems b. procedural-programming systems c. business-analysis systems d. object-oriented-modelling systems ANSWER: a 155. A _____ is an organized integration of hardware and software technologies, data, processes, and human elements