Organizations as Political Systems

‭ rganizations as political systems‬ O ‭Decision makers rationalize, but do not act rationally. The manager must be within the political‬ ‭sphere force field 'the art of putting things together' has been mastered excellently. It's in the‬ ‭context that these activities often necessitate making decisions about the use of the resources‬ ‭available within the organization that will lead to the least political resistance. It can be deduced‬ ‭from this that reaching consensus after a „negotiation process‟ is always the result of the‬ ‭political decision-making process.‬ ‭ easuring performance is always linked to the goals to be achieved. If the goals‬ M ‭are unclear or change too much over time, this will affect the way performance can‬ ‭be measured. There may be multiple systems of performance measurement in an‬ ‭organization depending on the vision of the organization or the person who‬ ‭formulates the goals. Conflicts can arise here. For example, the pursuit of‬ ‭employment may conflict with an organization's profit goals.‬ ‭ or practitioners in the field of Administrative Information Management, the foregoing‬ F ‭means, among other things, that they must be aware that even if information can be‬ ‭provided completely reliably, there are sometimes managers who will not want this‬ ‭information because it does not serve their political goals. Administrative information‬ ‭providers will therefore have to master the art of providing information that meets the‬ ‭wishes of the various political interest groups, but without making concessions to the‬ ‭quality of the information to be provided.‬ ‭Chapter 12 discusses the consequences of this in the negative cultures section.‬ ‭ hat is the good view: each individual or contingency approach?‬ W ‭Each of the ways outlined above to look at their organizations and their management in‬ ‭relation to information provision is in principle not incorrect but incomplete. It is also very‬ ‭possible to achieve very good results with one of the theories in a specific situation. The‬ ‭contingency approach attempts to find a solution to the problem of the limited‬ ‭perspective of each of the theories. This approach does not assume the universal‬ ‭validity of a theory, but takes the reality of the situation as a starting point to determine‬ ‭which theory is best applicable in that situation. Contingency theory can be easily‬ ‭combined with systems theory. Organizations are considered as open systems aimed‬ ‭at optimizing productivity and job satisfaction. The individual goals, group goals and‬ ‭organizational goals are related to each other. Employees are complex beings who use‬ ‭personal growth and development as an important motive. The contingency approach is‬ ‭further elaborated in Chapter 12.‬ ‭Resume‬ ‭ he term administrative information assumes that information is required for‬ T ‭management or control of an organization. Gaining insight into the way in which‬ ‭organizations are managed is therefore very important to answer the question of‬ ‭which factors determine the content of an organization's management information.‬ ‭This chapter examined what control is. The various theories in the field of control‬ ‭are clustered according to a number of main principles. The following distinction‬ ‭has been made:‬ ‭-‬ ‭Rational control;‬ ‭-‬ ‭Limited rational management;‬ ‭-‬ ‭Political control.‬ ‭ ased on different ideas about organizations, the management and decision-making‬ B ‭m ethods of organizations have been mapped out. The contingency approach does not make‬ ‭a choice between these three types of management, but depends on the actual situation to‬ ‭determine which administrative information is most appropriate. However, it should be noted‬ ‭that due to the nature of the field of Administrative Information Management and the business‬ ‭economics perspective, rationality is an undercurrent that cannot be ignored. This is certainly‬ ‭reflected in fully or partially rationally managed organizations. But even if management has‬ ‭s trong political characteristics, the administrative information will have a rational undertone if‬ ‭an official or a group of managers occupies a dominant position in the management.‬