Immune System Disease Homework Questions

Immune System Disease Homework Questions 1. List the physical barriers to infection      Skin o Keratnized tissue o Acidic pH o Normal flora Sclera o Tears o Blinking Respiratory track o Nasal and bronchial mucus o Bronchial cilia o Alveolar macrophages GI Tract o Mucous layer, gastric acid, pancreatic enzymes o Bile salts, new epithelial cells daily, normal flora GU tract o Acidic urine o Constant flushing 2. How is phagocytosis a defense mechanism?  Ingest digest and dispense of foreign matter 3. What is the complement system? How does it act as a defense mechanism?   Group of proteins that digests cell membrane of microbes, stimualtes WBC activity Increases vascular permeability 4. What are the major immune organs?   Priamry: Immune cells mature, thymus, bone marrow Secondary: Immune cells sores, lymph nodes, MALT, tonsils, spleen 5. Explain the difference between T and B lymphocytes.   T cells migrate to the thymus B cells ra in in the marrow for maturation 6. What is HLA?  7. How do memory cells work to support vaccinations? 8. Compare/Contrast active vs. passive immunity. 9. List and describe the 5 immunoglobulins. 10. How do antibodies work? 11. List the jobs of T lymphocytes (T-cells). 12. Why is type O blood considered the universal donor? 13. Why is type AB blood considered the universal recipient? 14. Explain the difference between Rh + and Rh - blood type. 15. List and describe the 4 basic hypersensitivity (immune reactions) mechanisms. 16. How are mast cells involved in Type I immune reactions? 17. What signs/symptoms could be seen in a Type I immune reactions (immediate hypersensitivity). 18. List/describe examples of Type I immune reactions. 19. Why are Type II immune reactions called "cytotoxic hypersensitivity"? 20. Give examples of Type II immune reactions. 21. What forms the "immune complex" in Type III immune reactions? 22. List/describe examples of Type III immune reactions. 23. What do Type I, II, III immune reactions have in common? 24. How are Type IV immune reactions different than the other 3? 25. List/describe examples of Type IV immune reactions. 26. Define atopy. 27. How does DiGeorge Syndrome present? What is the underlying pathology involved in DiGeorge Syndrome? How is immune function affected? 28. What role do embryonic B & T cells play in autoimmunity? 29. List the ways in which the immune system loses its "self" tolerance. 30. What do we know about genetic and microbial factors in autoimmunity? 31. What organs/tissues may be affected in SLE? 32. What is the pathophysiology involved in SLE? 33. Explain the pathogenesis of graft vs. host disease 34. Define the following and explain the pathophysiology of the following autoimmune diseases: Sjogren syndrome, Scleroderma, Raynaud Phenomenon, polyarteritis nodosa, Type I diabetes. 35. Define the following types of organ and tissue transplant rejections: hyperactue, acute, chronic. 36. Describe the microscopic appearance of amyloidosis. 37. What diseases are linked to amyloidosis? 38. Is there a treatment for amyloidosis? 39. Severe combined immunodeficiency is significant because both ___ and ___ cells are involved. 40. Patients with isolated IgA deficiency have a decreased resistance to ___________________ infections.