Final Exam: Introduction to Anthropology Culture and Society

FINAL EXAMINTRODUCTION TO ANTHROPOLOGY: CULTURE AND SOCIETY (1A03)APRIL 12 TH , 2011PART 1 - MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the BEST answer. Please record your answerson the scantron sheet provided. Answer all the questions (70 marks)1. Euro-American ideas of inevitable progress based on the application of science andtechnology is linked to the model of change calledA human developmentB distribution-based developmentC diffusionD grass-roots developmentE modernization2. According to the textbook and lecture, the three ways of being kin areA love, respect, and caringB descent, divorce and fateC descent, sharing and marriageD genetics, language, and learningE sharing, adoption and marriage3. Expressing religious beliefs through explicit and direct statements is termedA art.B religious pluralism.C myths.D song.E doctrine.4. Remittances are most closely associated withA internally displaced persons.B military personnel.C institutional migrants.D labor migrants.E refugees.5. The system of human communication based on a systematic set of symbols and signswith learned and shared meanings is calledA turn-taking.B productivity.C displacement.D grammar.E language.1 6. A garden that includes specimens from around the world is calledA a botanical museum.B globalized.C microcultural.D multicultural.E an imperial garden.7. The push-pull theory of migration refers toA motivations for migrating from rural to urban areas.B why illegal immigration occurs.C the circular migration of workers between two places.D the effect of war on refugee displacement.E the pervasive feeling of migrants not feeling "at home."8. The current anthropological definition of religion says that it isA the way that people view the world and their place in it.B organized beliefs about God.C beliefs and behavior concerning supernatural beings and powers.D a set of ethics (guidelines about proper group behavior).E a set of ideas that involve both magic and science.9. Which of the following is not an example of gender codingA politeness in Euro-American women's speech in the U.S.B adding the letter O to nouns in Japanese.C African American English among school children in the U.S.D Bahasa gay language in Indonesia.E cell phone communication among Kogels in Japan.10. World Bank requirements that lending countries adjust their spending away fromsocial programs such as education and health is calledA positive reinforcementB structurism.C adjustment of the project cycle.D cultural appraisal.E structural adjustment.11. According to the textbook, a nation is a group of people who share aA language.B culture.C territorial base.D political organization.E. all of the above.2 12. Which of the following statements about the Minangkabau culture of Indonesia isaccurate?A It is the world's largest matrilineal culture.B Fewer Minangkabau now practice the kula.C Is a culture where women have no power and low status.D Most Minangkabau are Christians.E Tigers are the most important animal in terms of symbolism.13. The focus on the relations of power and inequality in language is calledA communicationB discourse analysisC displacementD dialectE soociolinguistics14. Religions syncretism isA when incoming religions and local religions coexist as separate traditionsB does not exist in today's societyC has no function in terms of other domains of cultureD has declined in importance since the emergence of the stateE the blending of elements of two or more religions15. Moka is associated with which form of political organization?A bandsB tribesC chiefdomsD big-man/big-woman systemsE emerging nations.16. Compared to art historians, cultural anthropologists who study art focus onA ethno-esthetics.B the meaning of art to the people of the culture.C the artist.D gender differences in art.E all of the above.17 Bilineal descent systems areA only found in pastoralist societies.B found to exist only in people's myths, never reality.C systems that trace descent through one side of the family.D most clearly linked with tropical horticulture.E less common than unilineal descent systems.3 18. The last phase of the project cycle isA project implementation.B project design.C budget assessment.D project evaluation.E project appraisal.19. Cultural anthropologists who focus on revealing how legal systems discriminateagainst certain groups are referred to asA applied anthropologists.B clinical legal anthropologists.C critical legal anthropologists.D legal pluralists.E all of the above.20. The world religion with the largest population isA Hinduism.B Islam.C Buddhism,D Christianity.E Judaism.21. A prominent trend related to household formation in the U.S. isA the shrinking size of the average household.B "boomerang kids," or more adult children living with parents.C the declining proportion of households headed by married couples.D an increase in intergenerational increasing household forms.E all of the above.22. What is the currently accepted definition of warfare?A War is organized aggressionB War is an open and declared conflict between two political unitsC War is an organized conflict involving group action against another group, involvinglethal forceD War is conflict based on ethnicityE none of the above23. Human language has an infinite capacity for generating very efficient messages, afeature calledA displacement.B mode of communicationC condensation.D abundance.E productivity.4 24. Compared to a family, a household may includeA people who do not live together.B people who are not related by kinship.C fewer than four people.D children.E none of the above: anthropologists use these terms as exact synonyms.25. Those with the right to take action based on achieved or ascribed status haveA authorityB influenceC statusD powerE all of the above26. Distributional development emphasizesA the trickle down effect to improving human welfare.B emphasizes social equity in benefits in terms of increased income, literacy and health.C education as the most important sector for development projects.D the importance of economic growth as the major path to development.E irrigation and water management as the most important development objective.27. The point at which a language no longer has competent users is referred to asA linguistic relativism.B displacement.C language decay.D language extinction.E linguistic determinism.28. The form of political organization called the state is characterized byA a standing army.B control of information (propaganda).C a way of maintaining demographic records about its citizens.D its ability to define citizenship.E all of the above.29. The system of descent in which kinship is traced through the male line is calledA patriarchal.B fostering.C bilineal.D patrilineal.E feminism.5 30. Media anthropology is the cross-cultural study of communication throughA the Internet.B journalism.C television.D advertising.E all of the above31. Unlike a norm, a law is associated withA all societiesB enforcement and punishmentC societal pressuresD religious beliefsE unclear expectations32. One of the most basic and universal forms of exclusion isA same-sex unionsB incest tabooC exogamyD endogamyE none of the above, there is no universal rule of exclusion33. Comparative analysis of Islam's Feast of Sacrifice in Morocco and Sumatra showsthatA the Moroccan ritual receives far more public fanfare.B Islamic ritual practices vary cross-culturally.C there is less specificity about which animals are to be sacrificed in Sumatra.D Islam is more patriarchal as practiced in Morocco.E all of the above.34. A tribe is a form of political organization associated withA pastoralists.B horticulturists.C foragers.D A and B.E B and C.35. A major cause of displaced persons isA persecution.B colonialism.C natural disasters.D dam building.E all of the above.6 36. A religion with many zoomorphic supernaturals isA Islam.B Hinduism.C Christianity.D Judaism.E none of the above: all world religions have only anthropomorphic supernaturals.37. The feature of human language that allows people to talk about the past and the futureis referred to asA productivity.B non-verbal communication.C sign language.D grammar.E displacement.38. Leadership in bands isA informal.B restricted to men.C based on a person's greater access to material resources.D associated with great status and power.E linked to the ability to go into trance.39. Life projects promote development throughA more bilateral aid for projects.B a greater role for the United Nations.C emphasis on health care projects.D emphasis on crossing the digital divide.E giving priority to local people's aspirations.40. Which of the following is not a key characteristic of JudaismA it is a monotheistic religionB it follows dietary rulesC the Torah explains proper behavior and relationship with GodD it consists of many textsE the theme of exile and reform is present41. A refugee's ability to return and live in his or her homelandA is referred to as the right of return.B has been considered a basic human right in the West since the signing of the MagnaCarta.C is included in a UN resolution passed in 1948.D is a pressing issue for many refugees worldwide, including Palestinian refugeesfollowing the 1948 war.E all of the above.7 42. The anthropology of tourism has focused mainly onA how tourism has affected the health of both tourists and people in the destinationareas.B the impact of Western tourism on indigenous peoples.C the role of international tourism in the world economy.D resistance movements of indigenous peoples against mass tourism on their land.E the impact of tourists on the quality of the environment in the United States andCanada.43. The claim that a person's language determines the person's thought and how one seesthe world is calledA mental determinism.B sociolinguistics.C psychological anthropology.D cultural materialism.E Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.44. The biological determinist (or Darwinian) view explains high rates of warfare amongthe Yanomami by emphasizingA how warfare contributes to land acquisition and higher nutritional status of thewinners.B women's role in starting wars through their demand for meat,C that successful warriors have more wives and thus have greater "reproductivesuccess" than other men.D the role of meat availability in regulating nutritional status and group size.E all of the above.45. Men's wrestling in IndiaA allows a freer, more indulgent lifestyle for the wrestlers than what is typical.B has experienced revitalization due to the interest in it by international tourists.C requires a high level of spirituality and self-control.D is a dying tradition.Enone of the above: men's wrestling does not exist in India because of people'sunwillingness to touch strangers.46, A big-man's position depends onA his personality.B his generosity.C personal connections and many supporters working on his behalf.D achieved status.E all of the above.8 47. As opposed to a shaman or shamanka, a priest or priestess tends toA be more formally trained.B live in state-level societies.C have their success judged in terms of their ritual knowledge.D be a full time specialist.E all of the above.48. One disagreement about the issue of Palestinian refugees isA whether or not they should have the "right of return."B how many refugees there actually are.C whether they should have citizenship rights in the countries in which they now reside.D all of the above.E none of the above.49. A prominent interpretation offered by cultural anthropologists about games and sportssees them asA not important for better understanding culture.B the clearest examples of human agency.C best analyzed from a biological perspective.D more important in non-state societies than in state-level societies.E "microcosms" of society.50. In the early stages of development anthropology, anthropologists were typically hiredto work in which phase of the project cycle?A project appraisalB project implementationC project designD project identificationE project evaluation51. In the film, In Search of the Hamat'sa: A Tale of Headhunting, showed the history ofperforming the Hamat'sa dance; for the community, the purpose of the Hamat'sadance is toA convey messages connected to myths and ritualsB celebrate headhuntingC solely entertain the publicD perform for anthropologistsE none of the above52. When immigrants help bring in and settle relatives and friends, it is calledA localization.B asylum.C circular migration.D right of return.E chain migration.9 53. The male bias in development planning and projects refers to theA exclusion of women from many development projects.B greater attention given to men's health problems than women's.C tendency for development experts to emphasize the importance of schooling for boysmore than for girls.D greater number of men than women hired to work for the large developmentorganizations like the World Bank.E tendency for family planning projects to target men rather than women.54. Carnival is an example of aA life-cycle ritual.B secular ritual.C ritual for improving crop yields.D universal ritual.E ritual of inversion.55. The cross-cultural study of music is referred to asA ethnoesthetics.B epidemiology.C ethnography.D ethnomusicology.E emics.56. The indirect expression of religious beliefs through stories about supernatural beingsand forces is referred to asA seasonal ritual.B animatism,C myth.D ritual of inversion.E magic.57. According to the "lifeboat mentality," or "working-class racism"A people in a group should all have equal entitlements to resources available.B already established immigrants should take responsibility for helping more recent andneedy immigrant groups of the same race or ethnicity.C the number of people in a group should not be increased because it will reduceresources available to those already in the group.D life is a hopeless struggle and we are all sinking.E the government should provide welfare benefits for the unemployed and poor.58. EstheticsA may vary among different individuals within a culture.B are a set of standards defining what is art.C differ widely cross-culturally in what they include.D exist in all cultures.E all of the above.10 59. A form of population movement in which a person regularly moves between two ormore countries is calledA chain migration.B transnational migration.C internal migration.D displaced person.E refugees.60. Within a particular language, a rich cluster of related words is referred to as aA creole.B dialect.C focal vocabulary.D grammar.E pidgin.61. A major bilateral aid organization isA World Bank.B the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).C United Nations.D UNICEF.E all of the above.62. A characteristic of new immigrants to Canada from Hong Kong isA lowered economic standingB urban clustering, which supports consumer spendingC they are the largest source of immigrants since 1987D all of the aboveE none of the above63. In his research on protected areas in northern Ontario, guest speaker Jack Conleyfound that:A protected areas are able to counter the impacts of industrial development in the northB protected areas have been the most important method of conservation in Ontariothroughout the 20th centuryC local Cree and Ojibway peoples have always been advocates of protected areas andother forms of provincial conservationD protected areas are often created in places after industrial development has alreadyexploited the region or in areas of little economic potentialE all of the above64. An example of kinship established through sharing isA brideprice.B marriage.C godparenthood.D descent.E double descent.11 65. A general feature that many African religions share is thatA rituals involve animal sacrifices and other offerings.B they often include elements of Christianity and Islam.C they include myths about a rupture that once occurred between the creator deity andhumans.D the are linked to healing.E they involve elaborate initiation rituals.66. Among the Temiar of Malaysia, musical roles areA dominated by older women.B dominated by older men.C dominated by young men.D balanced and complementary between men and women.E completely unrelated to gender.67. The newest and largest of Canada's provinces isA Kalaalit Nunaat.B Nunavut.C Northwest Territories.D Baffin Island.E Iqaluit.68. Refugees areA a growing category of displaced persons.B internationally displaced.C mainly women and children.D all of the above.E none of the above69. From a critical media anthropology perspective, the video Primetime Wardemonstrates howA the news is completely unbiased, when covered by different perspectivesB the media can affect the events it covers, and how the events are understoodC media coverage in the West is betterD all of the aboveE none of the above70. The case study of Hiwus Feasthouse, Dr. Scarangella McNenly's research discussedin class, showed thatA cultural expressions at this tourist site were statements of identity and culturalcontinuityB cultural expressions at this tourist site had no meaning for the Native performersC tourism is only an economic opportunity that mostly benefits corporationsD tourism is not related to culture in any wayE none of the above12 PART 2 - SHORT ANSWER: Please choose ONE short answer question in EACHsection for a total of 3 short answer questions (total 15 marks). Please write youranswers clearly in the booklet provided:Choose ONE of the following, for four (4) marks1. Microcultures based on race, class, gender and age often have distinct communicationstyles. Provide two specific examples of how communication registers vary, based onany of these microcultures; explain examples in some detail2. What are some of the problems that indigenous peoples and women face in terms ofdevelopment? Provide one example for indigenous peoples and one for women toillustrate the problems they face, how people in each category have reacted to theseproblems?Choose one of the following, for five (5) marks3. Discuss the question of structure versus agency in the context of the Haitian caneworkers in the Dominican Republic and the bracero system. Compare that with thecase study of the Mexican workers in greenhouses in Leamington Ontario (video: ElContrato).4. How is marriage changing in contemporary cultures? Provide two specific examplesfrom the textbook/readings, lecture, or films from class to illustrate; explain examplesin detail.Choose one of the following, for six (6) marks1. Based on the film from class and lecture slides, explain in detail some of the causes ofthe Rwanda genocide.2. Describe some of the key features Buddhism, provide two examples from thetextbook, lecture or film, of how Buddhism has changed or adapted to a new localcontext.13