Greensboro Sit-in Protest Answer Key

Study Guide 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. What did the Greensboro sit-in protest? Segregation What philosophy did the protesters at the Greensboro sit-in adhere to? Nonviolent disobedience The Freedom Rides of 1961 traveled through what states? Alabama and Mississippi (Deep South) Birmingham started integrating downtown businesses in 1963. What else occurred in the city that year? MLK served a nine-day prison term for violating a ban on demonstrations. What event forced John F. Kennedy to take meaningful action in support of the civil rights movement? The images of Birmingham children being assaulted with nightsticks, highpressure hoses, and attack dogs. Why did John F. Kennedy consider civil rights a moral crisis for the nation? He found racial discrimination incompatible with the US’ claim for leadership of the free world. The Civil Rights Act was seen by Lyndon Johnson as “a fitting memorial” to who? John F Kennedy In addition to prohibiting racial discrimination, what did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 accomplish? Banned discrimination on the grounds of sex What was the purpose of Freedom Summer? Create a greater voting presence within the black community The 1960 sit-in at Greensboro, North Carolina, ended with the integration of what? Public places like pools, counters libraries etc.. What best describes Young Americans for Freedom (YAF)? YAF was a group of conservative students who initially aimed to take control of the Republican Party from leaders who had made their peace with the New Deal. Which of the following groups was the leading force in advocating desegregation? NAACP The 1965 Voting Rights Act empowered federal officials to oversee what? Voter registration Why did King decide to send black schoolchildren to protest in the streets of Birmingham? To provoke Birmingham business leaders to desegregate. The Great Society included what initiatives? Medicare, Medicaid, Departments of transportation and of housing and Urban development, the equal employment opportunity commission. 16. What does the textbook identify as the centerpiece of Johnson’s Great Society? The crusade to eradicate poverty 17. In what ways did the March on Washington expose tension within the movement? Even though women played crucial roles within the movement, all the speakers were male. 18. Blacks’ hopes for social justice mainly rested on what? National power (Federal government) 19. To combat communism, one of John Kennedy’s first acts was to create what? Establish the Peace corps 20. Why are the riots in American cities during the 1960s best understood as battles? Urban blacks saw the predominately white police force as an occupying army 21. Which was Kennedy’s policy regarding Latin America? The Alliance in Progress 22. Why did the Alliance for Progress fail? Military regimes and local elites-controlled Alliance for Progress aid. They enriched themselves while the poor saw little benefit. 23. The Bay of Pigs invasion went how? It was a total failure 24. The Cuban Missile Crisis ended with? Nikita Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the missiles, Kennedy pledged that the United States would not invade Cuba and secretly agreed to remove American Jupiter missiles from Turkey, from which they could reach the Soviet Union. 25. What set President Lyndon B. Johnson apart from his predecessor, John F. Kennedy? Johnson knew the meaning of poverty and racial injustice from his own life experiences. 26. Why did the United States continue to support South Vietnamese leader Ngo Dinh Diem’s corrupt and weak regime? Presidents Kennedy and Johnson feared losing Vietnam to communism 27. The Gulf of Tonkin resolution did what? Authorized the president to take “all necessary measures to repel armed attack” in Vietnam 28. 29. By 1968, the number of U.S. troops in Vietnam numbered? Over Half a million What was one duty of government, according to Barry Goldwater’s speech at the Republican National Convention (1964)? Maintaining a stable monetary and fiscal climate 30. According to the National Organization for Women’s Statement of Purpose, what did equal partnership between men and women require? A different concept of marriage and equitable sharing of the responsibilities of home and children and of the economic burdens of their support. 31. Black Power emerged as a response to what factors? The civil rights movement’s failure to have any impact on the economic problems of black ghettos. 32. The Black Panther Party advocated what? Armed Self defense in response to police brutality. 33. In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan focused on what? Equal educational opportunities 34. How did the women’s liberation movement inspire a major expansion of the idea of freedom? The women’s movement brought considers of power and justice inside the family 35. The gay liberation movement was inspired by what? The civil rights movement 36. After the Stonewall riot what movement was born? A militant gay liberation movement 37. Chicano farm workers found a powerful advocate in what person? Cesar Chavez 38. In the 1960s, Latino rights in particular were the focus of what group? United Farm worker 39. The American Indian Movement demanded what? Greater tribal self-government 40. Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring inspired the ________ movement. Environmental 41. In 1967, the Supreme Court ruled in Loving v. Virginia that? Unconstitutional the laws still on the books in sixteen states that prohibited interracial marriage 42. In 1966, the Supreme Court ruled in Miranda v. Arizona that? An individual in police custody must be informed of the rights to remain silent and to confer with a lawyer before answering questions and must be told that any statements might be used against them in court. 43. The Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision created what? A woman’s constitutional right to an abortion 44. What was the Tet offensive? Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops launched well organized uprisings in cities throughout South Vietnam 45. What likely influenced Lyndon Johnson’s choice to not seek reelection in 1968? The war in Vietnam had jeopardized his reelection chances 46. On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated while where? Memphis 47. The turmoil of 1968 led to what? Shattered confidence in the Johnson administration and ghetto riots 48. The National Organization for Women (NOW) campaigned for what? Equal opportunity in jobs, education, and political participation and attacked the “false image of women” spread by the mass media. According to the textbook, what is one legacy of the 1960s? 49. The 1960s undermined public confidence in national leaders. Richard Nixon won the Republican nomination for the 1968 election. What group 50. found his campaign appealing? Ordinary Americans searching for a commitment for law and order Why did the fight over busing become so violent in Boston in the mid-1970s? 51. Boston’s tightly knit Irish American community in South Boston fought integration violently. 52. In Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that ? The Court overturned an admissions program, which ser aside 16 of 100 places for minority students, thus rejecting the idea of fixed affirmative action quotas. Why did the gay and lesbian movement become a major concern for members of 53. the political right after the late 1960s? Many organizations encouraged them to come out of the closet. 54. “Vietnamization” was? American troops would gradually be withdrawn while South Vietnamese soldiers, backed by continued American bombing, did more and more fighting. 55. How did the War Powers Act of 1973 change the powers of the presidency? It required the president to seek congressional approval for the commitment of American troops overseas. 56. The Vietnam Syndrome was? The reluctantly to commit to armed forces overseas. 57. What did events surrounding the Watergate break-in and cover-up suggest about Richard Nixon? He was willing to condone illegal activity if it would silence his enemies. What made up part of the conservative agenda? 58. Federal block grants to the states, which allowed the states to spend as they saw fit. 59. As a result of Watergate, what happened to Richard Nixon? Nixon resigned 60. Richard Nixon’s New Federalism offered what to states? Federal “block grants” 61. The effect of the lowering in value of the U.S. dollar during Richard Nixon’s first term was? Promote exports by making American goods cheaper overseas and reduce imports since foreign products would be more expensive in the U.S What caused the oil embargo in 1973? 62. The war between Israel and its neighbors Egypt and Syri, Middle Eastern states retaliated for western support of Israel by quadrupling the price of oil and suspending the export of oil to the United States. 63. The economic condition known as stagflation was caused by? Stagnant economic growth and high inflation 64. What did the busing issue illustrate about America in the 1970s? Busing was not a good way to integrate schools due to racists causing protests. 65. Richard Nixon’s appointment of Warren Burger as chief justice was intended to do what to the Supreme Court? Lead the justices in a conservative direction 66. When Ford took office in 1974, what occurred for the first time in U.S. history? Both offices were occupied by persons whom no one had actually voted. 67. In response to the sexual revolution what happened to birth rates? Dropped dramatically 68. The Three Mile Island nuclear plant did what? The accident released a large amount of radioactive steam into the atmosphere, the mishap reinforced the fears about environmental hazards associated with nuclear energy. 69. What was evidence that freedom for women expanded in the 1970s? Title IX 70. Why did the CIA seek to destabilize the government of Chile after 1970? Chile elected socialist Salvador Allende as president 71. Under the Nixon administration, the United States aided what type of governments? Dictatorial pro-American regimes 72. President Carter’s foreign policy emphasized what A commitment to promote human rights 73. Describe Nixon’s foreign policy of “détente”? Increased cooperation with the Soviet Union in order to avoid nuclear escalation 74. After Nixon’s 1972 visit to China what happened? Beijing’s government taking up China’s seat at the United Nations along with an increase in trade between the two countries. 75. The Camp David Accords brokered a peace between what two countries? Egypt and Israel 76. Describe the Iran Crisis. Iran was a major supplier of oil to the United States but was overrun and became an Islamic republic. When Carter allowed the deposed shah to be medically treated in America, Khomeini followers invaded the American embassy in Tehran and took sixty-six hostages. 77. In response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, President Carter pursued what policies? The Carter doctrine, declaring that the U.S would use military force, if necessary to protect its interests in the Persian Gulf. Carter placed an embargo on grain exports the Soviet Union, organized a western boycott of the Olympics, and withdrew the SALT II treaty. 78. The handling of the Iranian hostage crisis made Carter appear how? Helpless and inept 79. The Soviet War in Afghanistan came to resemble what other conflict? The Vietnam War 80. In 1975, the Vietnam War ended with what agreement? The Paris peace agreement 81. During the 1970s, conservatives insisted on more local control and resisted the power of who? Federal government 82. How did the experience of the 1960s shape America’s neoconservatives? The 1960s had produced a decline in moral standards and respect for authority. 83. When they were arrested, the burglars at the Watergate apartment complex were breaking into where? Democratic party headquarters 84. The Equal Rights Amendment stated what? The equality of rights under the law could not be abridged on the account of sex 85. Opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment, such as Phyllis Schlafly, argued that the passage of the ERA would do what to women? Take a woman’s right to be a housewife 86. The Sunbelt in the 1970s was what? The description of the economic and political influence of this conservative region. 87. When Gerald Ford and Nelson Rockefeller assumed the presidency and the vice presidency, respectively, it was the first time in U.S. history that the White House had what? Both offices were occupied by people whom no one had voted for, 88. The Reagan Revolution did what? Transform freedom from the rallying cry of the left toa possession of the right 89. What was Reagan’s reaction to the air traffic controllers’ strike? Reagan fired them all 90. Reaganomics initially produced what result in regard to the economy? The most severe recession since the 1930s 91. Reagan’s economic policies resulted in what with the wealth gap? Widened the wealth gap 92. The Moral Majority waged a war against what? sin 93. Describe the “Second Gilded Age” Buying out companies was the way to make money. 94. Geraldine Ferraro is best known as? The first woman on a major-party presidential ticket 95. In foreign policy, what president initiated the largest military buildup in American history? Reagan 96. Determined to counter the nation’s “Vietnam syndrome,” President Reagan sent troops where? Grenada 97. What was the greatest scandal of the Reagan administration? Iran-Contra affair 98. Mikhail Gorbachev did what to the Soviet Union? Gorbachev inaugurated policies such as glasnost and perestroika. 99. What did the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 do? Provide amnesty and a path to citizenship for nearly 3 million undocumented immigrants who had put down roots in the country but penalized employers who hired them. 100. Reagan strengthened the role of the federal government in what area? Crime control