Pathology Test Answer Key

Pathology 1-Doesn’t cause obstruction and ischemia of downstream tissues a. Thrombus b. Monckeberg's sclerosis 2-Wrong pair a. atherosclerotic plaque rupture/penzmital angina 3-Common cause of acute lymphangitis a. Streptococcus pyogenes b. Staph.aureous 4- Not implicated in atherosclerosis development a. autoimmune response 5-Wrong: Malignant hypertension; Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis 6-Not a cause of pulmonary embolism: a. Saddle thrombus b. varicose veins 7-Not a risk factor for atherosclerosis a. hypertension b. increasing age c. obesity 8-cassion disease is caused by: a. b. c. d. e. thromboembolism nitrogen embolus saddle embolus amniotic fluid embolus fat embolus 9-Systemic thromboembolism: a. pulmonary artery b. femoral artery 10-All of the following matches regarding thrombosis are correct EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. Endothelial cell Injury : arterial thrombi Stasis : venous thrombi The propagating part: the adherent part of the thrombus Hypercoagulability: immobilization (bed-rest) Recanalization : can establish some degree of blood flow 11-All of the following are associated with stasis EXCEPT: a. Disrupts normal blood flow b. c. d. e. Mostly causes venous thrombi Allows the dilution of activated clotting factors Prevents the inflow of clotting factor inhibitors Promotes endothelial cell injury 12-The most common cause of pulmonary thromboembolism: a. b. c. d. e. Thromboembolism Fat embolism Air embolism Nitrogen embolism Cholesterol embolism 13-All of the following regarding pulmonary thromboembolism are true EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. Arises in most of the cases from deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb Organization is seen in most of the cases. Saddle embolus is an embolus that occurs in the arch of the aorta Pulmonary hemorrhage occurs when medium sized arteries are obstructed Paradoxical embolus can pass into the systemic circulation due to ventricular septal defect 14-The major target of systemic thromboembolism is: a. b. c. d. e. Brain Lower limbs Intestine Kidney Spleen 15-Varicose veins are associated with all of the following EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. Superficial veins of the upper limb Increase in intra-luminal pressure Venous wall thinning and loss of support Chronic varicose ulcers e. Congestion and swelling 16-All are true regarding Mönckeberg medial calcific sclerosis EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. Affects muscular arteries Occurs mostly in children Radiologically visible on x-ray Doesn’t encroach on the vessel lumen Not significant 17-All are true regarding atherosclerosis EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. Consists of a soft necrotic center surrounded by a white fibrous cap Due to formation of an atheromatous plaque in the vessel’s intima Hyperlipidemia is a major non-modifiable risk factor The lower abdominal aorta is mostly affected Premenopausal women are protected more than their counterpart aged men 18-The most common cause of aortic dissections is: a. b. c. d. e. Hypertension Connective tissue disorders Hypotension Hypercholesterolemia Obesity 19-All of the following regarding hypertensive vascular disease are true EXCEPT: a. b. c. d. e. Benign hypertension constitutes almost 95% of the cases Renal disease is the most common cause of secondary hypertension Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis is associated with severe hypertension Hyaline arteriolosclerosis can occur in people with diabetes milletus Malignant hypertension is associated with 50% of the casese 20-Most systemic emboli results from a. acute myocardial infarction 21-Wrong statement a. Hyperplastic glomerulonephritis is associated with benign hypertension 22-Postpartum, in contrary to thrombosis have all of the following except: a. b. c. d. e. solid consistency within cardiovascular system unattached laminated fragmentary 23-Not an organ that can have a white infarct a. Brain b. liver 24-Relations which is incorrect: a. Mural aortic thrombus>stasis b. Paradoxical embolism>atrial dilation 25-Varicose Veins choose the correct answer: a. b. c. d. hypertension is a major risk factor more in males chronic skin ulcers are a complication embolism is common 26-Choose correct answer: a. malignant hypertension>with cancer metastasis b. hyaline arteriolosclerosis>normo-tensive c. Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis>diabetes essential hypertension is about 5% 27-woman has mastectomy for carcinoma and Removed axillary lymph nodes, complain of adema in the arm, she has: a. chylous b. lymphadema 28-Which is wrong: a. Coagulation necrosis in the brain is as a result of ischemic injury 29-decompression sickness: a. air embolus 30-All most commonly a source of embolus to lower limb except: a. DVT 31-The most frequent emboli are: a. b. c. d. e. Fat emboli Amniotic fluid Air emboli Of thrombotic origin Atherosclerotic 32- Which of the following is wrong: a. b. c. d. Basal state of endothelial cells causes thrombosis thrombosis occurs when unnecessary blood clotting is activated turbulent flow retards inflow of clotting inhibitors Multiple small emboli within pulmonary are asymptomatic 33- Which of the following is wrong: a. paradoxical embolus means saddle shaped thrombi obstruct the pulmonary bifurcation b. lines of Zahn indicate antimortem thrombi c. DVT is main cause of pulmonary thrombus d. Immobilization causes secondary hypercoagulability 34-Organization means: a. Accumulation of additional platelets and fibrin that obstruct the vessel b. Removing thrombi using fibrolytic mechanisms c. Ingrowth of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts into fibrin rich thrombus d. Fragmentation of thrombi and transport elsewhere in the vasculature 35-Vegetation means: a. b. c. d. thrombi on heart valve thrombi in heart chambers fat deposit on the wall of vessels hardening of vessels 36-Wrong about amniotic fluid embolism: a. b. c. d. e. presence of Luongo hair within mother pulmonary circulation cause ARDS and DIC cause caisson disease highly mortality Mainly appears in the venous side 37-Wrong about fat embolism: a. b. c. d. e. symptoms need 1-3 days after injury to appear it causes anemia and thrombocytopenia Fat globules cause toxic injury May be due to acute pancreatitis Fat embolism syndrome occurs in 90% of tibia injury cases Answers: 1 2 3 b a a 9 10 11 b C C 17 18 19 c a e 25 26 27 c b b 33 34 35 a c a 4 5 6 7 8 a a b c b 12 13 14 15 16 a c b a b 20 21 22 23 24 a a d a a 28 29 30 31 32 a a a d a 36 37 Pharmacology 1-Phosphodiesterase that causes complications with nitroglycerine vasodilators: a. Sildenafil 2-Thiazolide duritics action after 3-4 weeks: a. decrease vascular resistance 3-Central acting hypertensive drug safe in pregnancy: a. alpha methyl dopa 4-Used in heart failure but doesn't increase cardiac output: a. duiretics 5-Antihypertensive drug given only IV and in emergencies: a. sodium nitroprusside c e