4. Buddha & Jainism

4. BUDDHA & JAINISM • • • • • • • • • • • • • • BUDDHISM Pillars of Buddhism Buddha: Its founder Dhamma: His teachings (Monk/Nun) Sangha: Order of Buddhism monks and nuns Five Great events of Buddha’s life Birth – Lotus and Bull Great Renunciation – Horse Nirvana – Bodhi tree First sermon – Dharmachakra or wheel Parinirvana or death – stupa BUDDHA Also known as Sakyamuni or Tathagata. Born in 563 BC on the Vaishakha Purnima Day at Lumbini (near Kapilavastu) in Nepal. His father was Suddhodana, who was the Saka ruler. His mother – Mahamaya, of Kosala dynasty died after 7 days of his birth. Brought up by step mother Gautmi. Married at 16 years old to Yashodhara. He enjoyed 13 years of marriage. His son was Rahu After seeing an old man, sick man, corpse and ascetic he decided to become a wanderer. He left home at 29 years old with Channa, the charioteer and his favorite horse Kanthaka for search of truth and wandered for 6 years. Search of truth by Buddha also called The Great Renunciation and Mahabhinishkramana. He first mediated with Alara Kalama but he was not satisfied by him. Then his second teacher was Udarka Romputra but again he was not satisfied. After that he joined forces with five ascetics – Kondana, Vappa, Bhadiya, Mahanama and Assagi who were practicing the most rigorous self-mortification in the nobe of wearing away their Karma and obtaining Jinal Blies. For six years Buddha tortured himself, he have nothing to eat and drink, he was walking skeleton. Then he felt disappointed and left those groups. 11 • Then he attained ‘Nirvana’ or Enlightenment at 35 years at Gaya in Magadha (Bihar) under a Pipal Tree. • First sermon at Sarnath where his five disciples has settled. • First sermon is called Dharma Chakrapravartan/ Turning of the wheel of Law. • Attained firstly Mahaparinivana at Kushinagar (village Kasia in Deoria district of UP) in 483 BC at the age of 80 years in the Malla repulic. THE DHAMMA Four Great Truths • The world is full of sorrow and misery. • The cause of all pain and misery is desire. • Pain and misery can be ended by killing or controlling desire. • Desire can be controlled by following Eight Fold. Eight fold called Ashath Marg/Ashtang Marg/ Maadhmik Marg which are: 1. Right Faith 2. Right Thought 3. Right Action 4. Right Livelihood 5. Right Efforts 6. Right Speech 7. Right Remembrance 8. Right Concentration BELIEF IN NIRVANA • When desire ceases, rebirth ceases and Nirvana is atteand means. If we want to free from death or birth cycle we kill our desire and follow stold path. • According to Buddha, soul is myth because till when our desire is continue. We are not free from cycle of death and re-birth. When our desire is finish then we are not take birth. Our soul is made from desire inside. BELIEF IN AHIMSA • One should not cause injury to any living being, animal or man. LAW OF KARMA • According to Buddha, man reaps the fruits of his past deeds. • • • • • • • • • THE SANGHA Consists of Monk/Nuns. Monks means Bhikshs or shramanas. Shramanas means Hetrodox sects (Except Vedic Religion) Bhikshus acted as a torch bearer (Publicity) of Dhamma. Apart from Sangha, the worshippers were called upasakes. THREE WHEELS/SECTS OF BUDDHISM Mahayana – Idol worship is practiced. It became popular in China, Japan, Korea, Afghanistan, Turkey and SE countries. Hinayana – Became popular in Magadha and SriLanka. Believe in individual salvation not worship. Vajrayana –Became popular in Bihar and Bengal. They did not consume meat, fish, wine etc. This is also called Thunderbolt, Diamond Path/ Tantrik Buddhism. BUDDHIST LITERATURE Buddhist scriptures in Pali are in commonly referred to as Triptiakas (Three Basket). Triptiakas are :Vinaya Pitaka – Rules of discipline Buddhist. Sutta Pitaka – Largest contains collection of Buddha’s sermons. Abhidhamma Pitaka – Explanation of the Philosophical Principle of the Buddhist religion. Books in Pali language of Buddhism. • • • • • • • • • • • Mahavamsa and Deepvamsa : They are in Pali language and provide information about Shri Lanka and also king Ashoka. Ashokavandana: These are tables about the different births of Buddha. First time we know about 16 Mahajanapadas from Buddhism Book “Angutra Nikaya”. Followers of Buddhism who lead a married life are known as Lay follower/Laity. “Amrapali” is dancing girl who is join Buddhism after the meet Buddha. She is also called Ambapali in Pali Language. Before the birth of Lord Buddha his mother witnessed a white elephant in her dream. So Buddha is also called “White Elephant”. When Buddhism and Jainism were found 32 new religions were found. One of them became famous. Ajivika sect founded by Makhal Gosala According to this religion life leads according to nature. God depicts everything before a birth of a person. God writes what a person is in present birth and what will be in next birth period. Before the division of follower of Buddhism they were in a group, name was Theravada. Theravada is oldest name of school at Buddhist time. In Hinyana there is no “cast bar’. They are well acquainted of super natural theory. But they do not believe to share their knowledge to anyone. Bodhisattva came. He told his disciple ot get knowledge and after completion left the place. Then came Lama. YEAR 483 BC COUNCIL 1st PLACE Rajgriha PRESIDENT Mehakassapa KING Ajatshatru 383 BC 2nd Vaishali Sabakami Kalashoka 250 BC 3rd Patliputra Mogliputra Tissa Ashoka 72 AD 4th Kundalvan n Vasumitra Ashwagosh (Vice Kanishka (Kashmir) President) 12 PURPOSE • For Collection of Buddha sermon (suttapitaka • Monastic Rules (Vinaypitaka) • To solve the disputes of Monastic • To establishment of Sthavirvadin • Mahayana • Hinyana • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • NAME OF BODHISATTVA 1. Avlokiteshwar (also called Padampani) 2. Manjushree (called Buddhi Prasnna) 3. Vajarpani (one who bears thunder) 4. Amitabh (Father of heaven) 5. Kshitigarbha (The guardian of Purgatories) BODDHISTAVA Can attain the status of Buddha any time but will not do so why? Because I attained Moksh after transfer of Merit. Founded by Rishabhanath his name also appeared in Rig-Veda. Parsvanath whose symbol is Hooded serpent. Mahavira whose symbol is lion. In Jainism, three were 24 tirthankaras (Gurus) all Kshatriyas. PARSVANATH(EMBLEM – SNAKE) He was 23rd Tirthankara. He was the son of king Ashvasena of Banaras. His main teaching was Noninjury, Non-living, Non-stealing, and Non-possession. MAHAVIRA He was 24th and last Tirthankara. His name was Vardhman Mahavira. His first addition was celibacy and second was do not wear any clothes. He was born in Kundagram (Distt. Muzaffarpur, Bihar) in 599 BC. His father was Siddhartha the head of Jnatrika clan. His mother was Trisha, sister of Lichchhavi Prince Chetak of Vaishali. He was related to Bimbisara (Magadh king). Wife – Yashoda, daughter – Priyadarsena. His daughter’s husband Jameli was his first disciple. After his parent’s death, he became an ascetic at 30 age. In 13th year of his asceticism, outside the town of Jrimbhikgrama, he attained supreme knowledge KAIVALYA. 13 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • From now he was called Jaina (Jitendriya) and his followers named Jains. He also get the title of Arihant (worthy). At the age of 72, he was died at Pava near Patna in 527 BC. After the death of Mahavira, Chandergupta Maurya, led the Jains Monks from Ganga to Deccan. TEACHINGS OF MAHAVIRA Rejected the authority of Vedas and did not attach any importance to the performance of sacrifices. He believed that every object, even the smallest particle, possesses a soul and is endowed with consciousness. That is why they observe strict non-violence. Jains reject the concept of universal soul/supreme power as creator. Jainism does not deny the existence of gods but refuses to give gods any important part in universe scheme. Gods are placed lower than the Jina. Universal brotherhood (not-in caste system). Three Ratnas (Triratnas) are given in Jainism: They are called the easy to Nirvana. They are Right faith, Right knowledge and Right conduct. JAIN COUNCILS First in Paltiputra in early 3rd century BC. Head was Sthulbhadra. Book – 12 Angas to replace Purvas. Second was at Vallabhi (Gujarat) in 5th century AD head was Devridhigani. It resulted in final compilation of 12 Angas and 12 Upangas. Jainism reached the highest point in Chandragupta Mauraya’s time. In Kalinga,it was greatly patronized by Kharavela in the first century AD. Jain literature isin Argh-Magadh and Prakrit dialects. Due to the influence of Jainism many regional languages emerged out, like sauraseni, out of which grew the Marathi, Gujarat, Rajasthani and Kannada.