Grade 11 Answering techniques June Exam 2024

Context=EffectGrade 11 Answering techniques Basics SQA S: Select Quote/Direct ExampleQ: Quote A: AnalyseExplain what the sentences words mean and are saying Give connotations or explanations of a certain packed relevant word in your own words. Say how the quote and what it means/ what certain connotations of a word in quote means answers the question and is relevant info. TECT: Technical =Identify and explain language/ grammar device usedE: Effect =General effect of language choiceC: Context = Explain how general effect being applied in This specific context.=link effect to what text is about/intention / message etc Technique Notes/Format Note:Use linking words: prove, imply, suggest, means Integrate quote into answer How does this technique look like?T: This is a _________. [ Say how you know that? what is the composition?]E: The general effect is ___________._________. [If needed state how effect has been used and applied in specific case]. C: In this example this shows/proves how _____________. [Link the effect of the certain language/ grammar to emphasize/prove or conveys the main message/intention /point. TEC Types of sentences Note for context: Always link to subject matter, intention, key message, central concerns, emotive effect T: Simple Sentence One main clause with a subject and verb E: Straightforward, undeniable fact, slogan, command, assertive statement. T: Periodic Complex Sentence The subordinate clause comes first followed by the main clause E: Builds tension/mystery/anticipation Give cause and then effect Give sequence events Delay/soften the introduction to a difficult pointDescription create mood. Layout:Because_____________ (S.C), ________(MC).T: Lose Complex Sentence The main clause comes first followed by a subordinate clause E: Foreground main idea/action Statement first followed by reason/condition/action. Layout: (MC)______________ because _____ (S.C).T: Complex SentenceA subordinate clause/s joint to a main clause.E: Cause and effect Action and condition Action and reasonAdds description/changes to meaning of a key point. T: Compound sentence 2 main clauses join by a co-ordinating conjunction co-ord. conj. Is FANBOYS – For, and, nor, but, or, yet so)E: Connection or contrast of 2 ideas of equal importance TEC Types of Pronouns When you SQA in context: Quote pronoun in context = SQA context sentence Then Quote the pronoun individually and do TEC *Look at each pronoun separately and then give effects of each individual pronoun. C Note for context: Always link to subject matter, intention, key message, central concerns, emotive effect T – Quote and identify it to be a pronoun. E – Give at least 2 effects Shows independence I Assertive Indicate personal responsibility I ncl We/us usive Shared values/interests Shared responsibility Direct address Urge to take action You Call to engage in debate Call to responsibility Excludes They/Their/Them Differentiates (creates division) Sets up contrast between groups *Note difference between direct addresses “We “vs “You”. "you" We/us TEC Type of speech *Note for context: Always link to subject matter, intention, key message, central concerns, emotive effect T E More reliable/trustworthy Present POV without alteration Livelier: issues under debate T: Direct speech More personal connection person Focus on how they say it saying it Significance of diction Emphasize meaning/ T: indirect speech main message Focus on what they say /key point someone says Can include bias/interpretation TEC Type of speech *Note for context: Always link to subject matter, intention, key message, central concerns, emotive effect T E Logical explanation T: Active voice (AS) Subject is empowered The subject of ‘___’ comes first followed by the object of ‘___’. Subject is significant Emphasize reviver of action rather than action itself Object is significant: Emphasize effect of action rather than receiver of action. T: Passive voice (OP) Means persuasion Offer promise of result The object of ‘___’ comes first followed by the subject of ‘___’. Highlight desire that can be fulfilled Soften negative comment T: Passive with subject removed The object of ‘__’ comes first with the subject of ‘__’ omitted. Intentionally hide subject to shit blame or take away guilt Subject isn’t relevant Note * subject usually have word “By” Infront of it. Object has verb/action done to it Sentences, Phrases and Clauses Note: Finite verb = a verb that has a tense Infinitive = to + verb Sentences T: Sentences Group of words that contain finite verb and makes complete sense E: Make statement, ask question, make a request, give order, express exclamation . Clauses T: Clause Words grouped together that have a subject and finite verb Phrase: T: Phrase Words grouped together that have no subject and no finite verb Answering questions Note: Put Q word in answer. Discuss/explain/show/explore = SQA Provide reason / substantiate =SQA Provide definition for = explain own words Justify/ motivate/ find evidence of = SQA where give proof like description of action/opinion Evaluate/judge/judge to what exten d = Explore both sides not with equal weight. Weigh merits and faults of different perspective/issue to demonstrate balanced conclusion. Give stance and reason Dismiss one side Explain supported side viewpoint with proof. Argue = Give and validate only 1 side/viewpoint with proof Critically evaluate /discuss/challenge = Criticize viewpoint given and offer alternative view . State viewpoint given with proof Offer critique in own words Debate =explore both sides equally SQA for both sides separately Explain stance and reason in own words In your own words. = No quoting. Give explanations to show understanding of matter at hand. use synonyms for words I n passage Comment on the effectiveness of =explain the effect/connotation of language choice/image Then say how and what it emphasizes the content *TEC to prove * compare or contrast (juxtapose) =compare -> similarity’s =contrast -> differences (…. however….) Suggest = Give possible reason and proof to support What is implied =explain subtext (deeper meaning) of statement How does____ reinforce ( strengthen /support) ___ = You must say how a language choice /literary device helps express something important about the content Describe content – main message/mood/central argument Describe how language used / detail reinforces this SQA/ visual and verbal clues Why might __X__ be more appropriate than __Y__. = Explain X and Y (SAQ x2) then conclude why X is more powerful or appropriate How might text 1 ___ respond to text 2 ___ . Support with evidence from both in answer = Give stance and reason , SQA x2 Basic Ans. Techs needed for comprehension Definitions (Quote word and explain it to be the way you understand it. use synonyms) Diction ‘____’ has connotation of being ___ and ___ (2 adj’s). This suggests that…………………… (explain what word suggests in relation to the context.) Diction in the title The diction in the title encourages me to approach the text in a __ and __ (2 adj’s) Way because……………………………………………. (Justify use of adjectives that relate to your personal feelings towards topic title may address) ‘Quote from title- NOT WHOLE SENTNECE’ has connotations of…. which suggest that the article will entail ……... (rewrite quote) This suggests…………………………. (Different reason how and why you personally would approach the topics title may entailed that suggested by titles diction) or (analyze an interesting figure speech/phrase/punctuation) Positioning (How the author makes a certain subject out to be) *Note the power/authority play. For adjectives describe the power and then the quality of power. The author positions (me towards) ___________ in an __ and __ (2 adj’s) way Because the author writes about /focuses on (What type of things is the author focusing on? Bad or Good?) xxx ‘___’ suggests………………………... (rewrite and unpack. Then analyse) This shows how the author wants reader to see X as ………………... (link back to prove that the author focused on specific things to make it seem a certain way towards reader) Attitude (How author feels toward something) The authors attitude towards ________ is __ and __ (adj’s) because ……………………………... (Give reason for adj’s based on how author writes about something showing how they feel a positive or negative way) xxx ‘__’ suggest ………………………………... (rewrite and unpack. Then analyze) This shows how the author believes/feels………………………………... (link back to show how author feels towards something) Tone (How does writing want me to feel about the subject matter of the whole piece) The tone is __ and _ (adjectives), because the author is speaking about …………… (give reasons for adj. based on what author is writing about) XX ‘__’ suggests that the …….………. (Analyze and explain the idea of the quote. Rewrite and unpack) This suggests………… (link back saying how quote shows tone and mood of adj’s given) (link back saying the author wants us to know that … E.g. society is.) Style The writer’s style is informal/formal register as it makes use of (correct standard English) or (slang/ colloquial language) IT creates a tone of __ + __ (Adj’s) Because …………... (link to tone and subject matter dealt with) xxx ‘__’ suggests …. (unpacking and rewriting) This is effective as its language used………. (Register- Show knowledge and expert) (allows reader to connect to topic/ connect author thoughts or opinions/ create more relaxed and person tone of writing) Therefore, the writer’s style is ……... when addressing ……. Emotive language ‘______’ creates emotions of __ and __ (2 actual emotions/feelings) In the reader because …………. (reason) xxx ……………………….. (SQA or own words to explain how emotive language connect directly with central argument/mood/tone/attitude in article) Linking/Choosing Sources Note* are texts similar of different? I think that text A effectively/does not effectively link (stance) to text B as …. (Say if they both portray main message or not) In Text A ……... (Visual and verbal clues +analysis) (connect to main message) In Text B ……... (Visual and verbal clues +analysis) (connect to main message) Linking Visuals to written text *Only discuss your chosen visual unless question tells otherwise I chose visual A/B/C (select 1) because ………. (reason) xxx ‘__’ …………….. (SQA and link to article. Quoting to prove message or article) xxx The visuals of the……………………. (Describe visuals at least 2) This suggests…………. (Link visual to the message and say how it contributes to prove it) Comparing diction Word 1 has connotations/can be defined as ……... Word 2 has connotations/can be defined as ……... Word 1 has an effect of ………... while word 2 has an effective of ………. Thus, looking at the difference in effect word _ is more effective as ………... (link to context) Figures of Speech Metaphor and simile Metaphor: comparison between 2 things. Simile: comparison between 2 things using words ‘like’ or ‘as’, The __ (literal subject) is being compared to __ (figurative object) The ___ (figurative object) has connotations of being __ and __ (description). Therefore, emphasizes how … (What emphasized about literal object in context) Personification AN inanimate object is given a human quality to emphasize a action, movement or quality. The __ (non-human thing) has been given the human quality of……. (Name human quality.) The Human quality of _____ (name human quality) has connotations of being __ and __ (description) This suggests………………………... (what the action/movement/quality suggests in context) Note for personification Anthropomorphic: When animals or nature are given human behavior . Act like people but don’t seem to be like them Zoomorphism: When people or objects are given animal qualities / behaviors . Pun Humorous play on words that sound the same but display 2 or more different meanings. The pun occurs on the word/s ‘_’. The first meaning of the word is …………… The second meaning of the word is ……………... Therefore the pun effectively emphasizes how ……………...(Say how pun convey main idea of text ) Sound devices Alliteration: The repetition of the constant sound to emphasize a mood/action or quality. The alliteration is due to the repetition of the soft/hard + ………. (quality) ‘_’ constant letter sound. This emphasizes the mood/action/quality of ……... (in context) Assonance: The repetition of the vowel sound to emphasize a mood/action or quality. The assonance is due to the repetition of the long/short + ………. (quality) ‘_’ constant letter sound. This emphasizes the mood/action/quality of ……... (in context) Onomatopoeia: When a sound mimics/replicates or mirrors the action or feeling it describes The onomatopoeia occurs on the word ‘_’. The word ‘_’ mimics the ___ (give quality) sound of ……. (describe what objects doing) This emphasizes the mood/quality/action of ……. (context) Visual details to pay attention to positioning What is in foreground and background Sizing What is shown as large and small Facial expressions and body language What emotions are being portrayed through characters facial features and body position? What do these indicate of power/status / social grouping? Props and costume/clothing How are symbols /objects used to convey ideas Lighting and color What mood for the setting/characters/action is being created Fonts and writing How does the style of the lettering or phrases contribute to the message of the visual Photographs What camera angle and shots have been used and what info does this provide to us Dictionary work Explanation Headword= bold and underlined. Pronunciation. divide into syllable and underline stressed one. Part of speech:(n. v. adv. adj.)Definition: Give definition in context in your own words.Etymology L= Latin Fr= French Gr=GreekO.E.=Old English M.E. = middle English fr=from (1 full stop= 1 word, 2 full stops = 2 full words)e.g. Old English from Latin O.E. fr L.*Note: Sequence is very important: E.g.: Teacher (tea/cha) n. A person who conveys information to a learner M.E. Neologisms Ans tech:Do normal stuff:Headword, pronunciation, part of speech then …1.a) For 1 word: Define new word Or 1.b) For combo words: Define root words.2.) Etymology: neologism from Modern English. 3.) Derived from (industry/popular culture/ social media etc.)A newly coined word or phrase similar or familiar word used in a sense. E.g.:Youniverse (yoo-nee-vers)n. From root words of‘You’ – The person being addressed directly.‘Universe’- All of space, time, matter, and energyMeaning of new word: When the whole world revolves around you Neologism from Modern English Derived from social media Prefixes and suffixes Prefix/root and suffix: Core of word= root What comes before root = prefix What comes after root = suffix Prefixes Go before the root word to create new word or antonym E.g. New word with new meaning prefix root New word tele Vision television co Operate Co-operate re do redo E.g. Antonym word with opposite meaning prefix root New word mis interpret Misinterpret un natural Unnatural dis empowered disempower Prefix Meaning Usage Suffixes Used to Change to a different part of speech suffix New part speech root Final word Ing/ed verb dance Dancing Ily/ly adverb quick quickly Capacity Capable Able/al/en/ful/ic/ive/ous/y adjective thirst thirsty Ion/tion/ity/ment/ness noun express expression Ing Gerund/principle laugh laughing Note: Gerund: A verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun. Participle: A verb form used as an adjective, usually ending in -ing (present participle) or -ed (past participle). Indicate comparative or superlative form of adjective root Comparative ‘er’ Superlative est’ strange stranger strangest pretty prettier prettiest Indicate plural form Singular Suffix Plural Box eS Boxes Magazine S magazines Change tense Verb Suffix New tense form Walk Ed walked Change rela ted nouns Noun 1 Suffix Noun 2 Law Yer Lawyer Design Er Designer Indicate amo u nt (full or less) Verb Suffix New tense form Peace Ful Peaceful (full of peace) Hope Less hopeless Abbreviations and acronyms Abbreviation: Shortened form of word/ phrase e.g. Obvs. 1) Acronyms - pronounce as a whole word e.g. AIDS 2)initialism - pronounce each letter individually e.g. USA textual Editing layout: incorrect sentence:” ___” Correction: sentence:” ___” Reason. First and 2 nd pronouns must be consistent. When one hears …, you are …. When one hears…., one is …. Do not split infinitive ……to completely and permanently disarm Germany. …………… to disarm Germany completely and permanently ……. Comparative and superlative form of adjective. …. best of the two ….. … better of the 2…… Don’t end sentences with a preposition. Who …for? For whom ….? 5) Words that are often mistakenly written as one word instead of two or vice versa. E.g.: A) infact must be in fact B) Everyday vs everyday B .1 )” Death every day experience “wrong as everyday must be 1 word when used as adjective. B.2 )” I am going to school everyday. “wrong as every day for adverbial phrase must be 2 words. to mean each day. More reasons: Correction and reason : Punctuation error. Punctuation TEC T EC 1.Creates a dramatic pause introducing: An expected twist 1.The single dash -- An explanation An example Humorous statement Example 1. Creates a Compound noun (anti-semitism) Adjective (anti 2. The hyphen - semitic) 2. separates a word at a syllable when full word cannot fit onto previous line 3. separates a word at a syllable to clarify pronunciation 1.introduces A list 3. The colon: Direct speech/quotation An explanation 1. Used to separate items on a lis t 4. the semi- colon: a list of different ideas 2. Used to link related/associated ideas 3. replace co-ordinating conjunction to join main clauses 1. Full texts: underlined or written in italics -books -newspaper/magazine -films 5. Titles 2. Short texts/ one part of a text: single inverted commas -short story/article -short poem -Short chapter -short song 1.Shows an issue is under debate/controversial (There is more than 1 truth or opinion on the matter) 2. indicates word in a foreign language 6.Single inverted commas slang/colloquialisms ‘x’ irony/sarcasm quoting (indirect speech) when word taken out of a text (SQA) technical names/terminology 7.Double inverted commas “x” 1.Indicate direct speech 1. Indicate a parenthesises conveying extra information in the form of … 8.Double : an explanation dash - an example brackets ( ) descriptive detail commas , , personal comment humorous aside 9.Square brackets [x] 1.indicate words enclosed within the brackets not written by the author 1.Couldn’t 2. 1. indicates an omission cuaseing contraction 10.Apostraphe x’ 2. indicate singular/plural possession a. Singular : dog’s b.Plural dogs’ 1.seperate items on a list 11.Comma , 2. a short pause 1.Indicate word(s) have been omitted an incomplete though 12.Ellips dots… 2. Creates a mood of suspense mystery