Acute Kidney Injury

University:
Northwest College
Course:
VN 220 | Medical/ Surgical
Academic year:

2023
Views:

489

Pages:

3
Author:

YMejia

anite Kidney in juny (AKI)rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidnesofP poblem seen In patients who are hospitalized and thoseIn outpatient settingssome Sts:50% or greater T in senum creatinineurine volume may be normal or changes may ourincluding nonoliguna (7800ml/day) oliguna (<400ml/dayor 0. 3mL | kg/h over U hours, or anina (<50mL/day)Pathophysiologymany times there IS an un derlying cause.some factors may be reversible If treated primpily.ex: hyporolemiahypotensionreduced cardiac outputheart failureobstruction of the Kidney /loner umany tract bytmmorblood clotKedneystonebilateral obstruction of the renal artenies or veins.major categones of AKI arepre-renal (hypoper fusion of kidneys)Intra-renal (actual damage to Kidney tissue)portrenal (obstruction to urine blow.)Pre-renaloccurs m u 0- 70% of casesresult of impaired blood blow that leads Fo hypoperfusionof the Kidney commonly caused by volume depletion(burnsihemorrhar, 61 losses) / hypotension (sepsis, shock),and obstruction of renal vessels leading to V In 6FR. intrarenalresult of actual parenchymal damage to theglomenti or Kidney tubules(ATH) aeute tubular neerosis - AKI in which there IS damageto the kidney tubules IS the must common type ofintrarenal AKI.S/S Intratubular obstructiontumular back leakVasoconstructionchanges in glomenular permeabilityresult in6FRProgressive azotemiablund electroliste imbalancesPostneralusually results from obstruction distal to the Kidneyby conditions such as:renal caleulistucturesblood clotsBPHunalignanuesPregnancy4 phases of AKI1. Initiationbegins T Initial insult and ands when olignna develops 2. Oliguria - in summ conventration of substancesusually-excreted by the kidneys. minumim amount of unreneeded to rid body of waste 400mL 1 24hrs3. dlurens - gradual in unne output, GFR starts to reloverlabs stabilize and but still w r/o dehydration.4. recovery. improvement of renal benetion can take3-12 months. labs return to the normal levels.medical managementgoal - to restore normal chemeal balance and preventcomplications unkl repair of renal hssue and resto rationof renal function can our- eliminate underlyeing cause- maintain fluid balanceavoid fluld excess-daily weights- I/O'S-senal measurements of central venons pressure-B/P montonney-monutor lung sounds | auscultation- -lasix | bumex (diunetics)- Hemodialysis- pentoneal dialogis- continuous renal replacement therapy- monitor for hyperkalemia (EKG changes)cambetreated I Kayexreatecan be tx T IV dextrose 50/-insulen ,and calum replacement