Social Structure and Social Interaction - Marcosociology

‭Exam 2:‬ ‭Social Structure and Social Interaction‬ ‭Marcosociology‬ ‭-‬ ‭Analysis of social life that focuses on the features of society such as social class and relationships‬ ‭of groups to one another usually used by‬‭structure‬‭functionalists and conflict theorists‬‭. ( White‬ ‭supremacist, patriarchy )‬ ‭Mircosociology‬ ‭-‬ ‭Analysis of social life that focuses on social interactions; typically used by‬‭symbolic interactionist‬ ‭- Relationships‬ ‭-Roles‬ ‭-Statues‬ ‭Social Structure‬‭: The framework of society that surrounds‬‭us; consists of the ways that people and‬ ‭groups relate to one another; this framework gives direction to and sets limits on our behavior (guides our‬ ‭behavior)‬ ‭-‬ ‭Professor vs Students‬ ‭-‬ ‭Parents vs Children‬ ‭-‬ ‭Coach vs Player‬ ‭-‬ ‭Manger vs Employers‬ ‭____________________________________________________________________________________‬ ‭Components of Social Structure‬ ‭____________________________________________________________________________‬ ‭-‬ ‭Culture‬ ‭-‬ ‭Social Class‬ ‭-‬ ‭Social Status‬ ‭-‬ ‭Roles‬ ‭-‬ ‭Groups‬ ‭-‬ ‭Social institutions‬ ‭Culture‬ ‭-‬ ‭A group's languages, beliefs, values, behaviors, and even gestures‬ ‭Social Class‬‭: A large group of people who rank close‬‭to one another in property, power, and prestige‬ ‭-‬ ‭Income‬ ‭-‬ ‭Education‬ ‭-‬ ‭Occupation‬ ‭Max fabor‬‭: Lower, lower mid, higher mid, higher‬ ‭Status‬ ‭-‬ ‭ he position that someone occupies in a social group (also called social status, may carry‬ T ‭prestige)‬ ‭Status set‬ ‭-‬ ‭All the structures or positions that an individual occupies‬ ‭- College student, Mother, Daughter, Wife, Employee, Homeowner, Registered voter‬ ‭- Ascribed Status:‬‭A position an individual either‬‭inherits at birth or receives involuntarily later‬ ‭in life. ( Race/Ethnicity, Sex, Social Class)‬ ‭- Achieved Status:‬‭Positions that are earned, accomplished,‬‭or involved at least some effort or‬ ‭activity on the individual’s part ( College Graduate, Nurse, Ex-spouse, Bank Robber, Registered Voter).‬ ‭Status Symbols‬ ‭-‬ ‭A material object that presents your class status, Indicators of a status; items that display prestige.‬ ‭(wedding rings, Howard Sweatshirts, Uniforms, Exotic Cars, Jewelry etc)‬ ‭Master Status‬ ‭-‬ ‭A status that cuts across the other statuses that an individual occupies. Some master statuses are‬ ‭ascribed. ( Sex (Male or Female), Disabled, Wealthy, Student, Little person)‬ ‭Status Inconsistency‬ ‭-‬ ‭Ranking high on some dimensions of social status and low on others; also called status‬ ‭discrepancy. (Entering college at a young age).‬ ‭Roles‬ ‭-‬ T ‭ he behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status. You occupy a status, but you play a‬ ‭role.‬ ‭Groups‬ ‭-‬ ‭People who interact with one another and believe that what they have in common is significant;‬ ‭also called a social group (Values, Interests, and norms). (Democrats, Sports Team, Drama Club ,‬ ‭Dorms).‬ ‭Social Institutions‬ ‭-‬ ‭Organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets it basic needs. They set the context for‬ ‭your behavior and orientation to life.‬ ‭ unctionalist Perspective: In order for society to survive we need these things. Society has different parts‬ F ‭but by coming together and working in harmony society will be fixed.‬ ‭1.)‬ ‭Reproduction‬ ‭2.)‬ ‭Socializing new members ( lEARN BASIC EXPECTATIONS)‬ ‭3.)‬ ‭Producing and distributing goods services‬ ‭4.)‬ ‭Preserving order‬ ‭5.)‬ ‭Proving a sense of purpose‬ ‭Conflict perspective:‬‭Do not view social institutions‬‭as working harmoniously for the common good.‬ ‭Small groups of elite people held the majority of society's wealth‬ ‭Symbolic Interactionist‬ ‭-‬ ‭Interested in how people view things and how this, in turn, affects their behavior and orientation‬ ‭to life. ( Stereotypes in everyday life, Personal space, Eye Contact, Body Language).‬ ‭Dramaturgy‬ ‭-‬ ‭An approach, pioneered by Erving Goffman, In Which social life is analyzed in terms of drama or‬ ‭the stage; also called dramaturgical analysis‬ ‭- Impression management (Front stage, Backstage)‬ ‭- Role Preformance‬ ‭- Role Conflict‬ ‭- Role Strain‬ ‭Role Strain and Role Conflict‬ ‭Ethnomethodology‬ ‭-‬ ‭The study of how people use background assumptions to make sense out of life or how‬ ‭people do things by Harold Garfinkel. Breaking assumptions,( Bargaining with cashiers‬ ‭Addressing your parents as Mr. or Mrs. Not Wearing pants on the Metro.)‬ ‭The Construction of Reality‬ ‭-‬ ‭The use of background assumptions and life experiences to define what is real.struct reali‬ ‭- “ If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences‬ ‭Subjective interpretation: Our definition of reality‬ ‭Construct Reality‬ ‭Deviance and Self-Control‬ ‭Why do people do bad things or violate norms?‬ ‭What stops people from doing bad things?‬ ‭Deviance‬ ‭-‬ ‭The violation of norms(or rules or expectations)‬ ‭- Driving over the speed limit‬ ‭- Serious Murder‬ ‭- Chagon’s encounter with the tribe from the rainforest.‬ ‭Relativity of Deviance‬ ‭-‬ ‭ ecause groups have different norms, what is deviant to some may not be deviant to others, This‬ B ‭applies not just to cultures, but also to groups within the same society.‬ ‭Crime‬ ‭-‬ ‭The violation of rules that have been written into law.‬ ‭- An act that is applauded by one group may be despised by another.‬ ‭Stigma‬ ‭-‬ ‭To be considered deviant, a person doesn't have to do anything‬ ‭-‬ ‭Refer to characteristics that discredit people. ( violations of appearances, abilities, or involuntary‬ ‭membership)‬ ‭-‬ ‭“Blemishes” that discredit a person’s claim to a “normal” identity.‬ ‭H‭o‬ w Norms Make Social Life Possible‬ ‭-‬ ‭Norms make social life possible by making behavior predictable.‬ ‭-‬ ‭Without norms, we would have social chaos‬ ‭-‬ ‭Norms lay out the basic guidelines for how we should play our roles and interact with others.‬ ‭-‬ ‭We are socialized to follow norms and to play the basic roles that society assigns to us.‬ ‭Social Order‬ ‭-‬ ‭A group’s usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which‬ ‭they base their lives‬ ‭Social Control‬ ‭-‬ ‭A group’s formal and informal means of enforcing its norms‬ ‭-Negative Sanctions‬ ‭- Positive Sanctions‬ ‭Deviance‬ ‭-‬ ‭Refers to all violations of social rules, regardless of their seriousness.‬ ‭Competing explanations of Deviance‬ ‭-‬ ‭Sociobiology‬ ‭-‬ ‭Psychology‬ ‭-‬ ‭Sociology‬ ‭Sociobiologology‬ ‭-‬ ‭Explains deviance by looking for answers‬‭within individuals‬ ‭-‬ ‭Assume that‬‭genetic predispositions‬‭lead people to‬‭such behavior as juvenile delinquency and‬ ‭crime.‬ ‭- People with “squarish muscular” Bodies were more likely to commit street crime” - acts‬ ‭such as mugging, rape, and burglary‬ ‭- Men are more violent; have less empathy, have lower control, and take greater risk‬ ‭- Women less violent; carry birth, and nurse childern; more empathetic, greater‬ ‭self-control; less risk-taking‬ ‭Psychology‬ ‭-‬ ‭Psychologists focus on‬‭abnormalities in the individuals‬‭,‬‭Instead of genes, they examine what is‬ ‭called‬‭Personality disorder‬‭:‬