The Carbon Cycle | Study Guide

University:
Texas Lutheran University
Course:
ENVS 130 | Environmental Science
Academic year:

2020
Views:

370

Pages:

2
Author:

Annalise Mayer

THE CARBON CYCLE ● Introduction to the Carbon Cycle: ○ The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical process by which carbon is exchanged between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. ○ Carbon atoms continuously cycle through various reservoirs, including living organisms, the atmosphere, oceans, soils, and fossil fuels. ● Key Processes: ○ Photosynthesis: ■ Green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic compounds, primarily glucose, through photosynthesis. ■ This process utilizes sunlight as energy and releases oxygen as a byproduct. ○ Respiration: ■ Organisms, including plants, animals, and microbes, release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere through respiration. ■ Respiration is the process by which organic compounds are broken down to release energy, with CO2 as a byproduct. ○ Decomposition: ■ Dead organisms and organic matter are broken down by decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, releasing carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere or into the soil. ■ Decomposition is a vital part of the carbon cycle as it recycles carbon from dead organic matter. ○ Combustion: ■ Burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. ■ Combustion of biomass, such as forests, also contributes to carbon emissions. ● Factors Influencing the Carbon Cycle ○ Human Activities: Industrial processes, deforestation, agriculture, and the burning of fossil fuels significantly impact the carbon cycle, leading to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. ○ Climate Change: Changes in temperature, precipitation factors, and other climate-related factors can influence the rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and other carbon cycle processes. ● Importance of the Carbon Cycle ○ Regulates the Earth’s temperature, makes up the food that sustains us, provides energy that fuels our economy ○ Produces nutrients and energy in plants for animal consumption ○ Responsible for all oxygen production