Art Appreciation

Chapter 1: Introduction to Art Appreciation Art Appreciation - requires a certain level of intelligence; ability to interpret or understand man-made artworks. ● Art is subjective and should disturb people. Chapter 2: Mediums and Techniques Subject Matter - an object, a person, scene, or an event that the artwork shows. Non-Representational - without subject matter; does not show subject matter. Non-Objective Art - creates creative arrangements of sounds, tones, pitches, a musical composition; views holistically. Form - it is the quality or shape; the visual aspects of the artwork. Medium - translates the artist’s feelings and thoughts ● ● ● ● Architect - uses wood, bamboo, bricks, stones, concrete, and various building materials. Painter - uses pigments on wood or canvas to recreate the reality of nature. Sculptor - uses steel, marble, bronze, metal, and wood. Musician - instruments to produce and communicate a message and a literary writer. 2 Kinds of Medium: 1. Visual Arts - can be seen and occupy space. 2 Kinds of Visual Arts: 1. Dimensional or 2-Dimensional - like paintings, drawings, printmaking, and photography. 2. 3-Dimensional - like sculpture, architecture, landscapes, community planning, and crafts like furniture. 2. Auditory Arts - can be heard, and expressed in time; music and literature. ● Combined Arts or Performing Arts - can be seen and heard; dance, opera, drama, and films. Technique - controls the medium; to fulfill the technical requirements; the way to manipulate the artwork. Kinds of Techniques: 1. Watercolor - producing warm and rich tones; gouache (opaque watercolor). 2. Fresco - moist plaster surface; fixed and almost impossible to remove. 3. Tempera - mineral pigments mixed with egg yolks or white. 4. Pastel - paste made of pigment ground with chalk and compounded with gum water. 5. Oil - most expensive art technique; heaviest of painting mediums; dries slowly but lasts long. 6. Acrylic - used by contemporary painters due to quick drying and transparency. 7. Mosaic - small pieces colored stones or glass called tesserae to create an image 8. Stained Glass - mostly in Gothic cathedrals; small pieces colored glass; need sunlight to see the image. 9. Tapestry - fabric hand-weaving; woven designs. 10. Drawing - done on paper using pencil, pen or ink, or charcoal. 11. Pencil, Ink, and Charcoal: ● Pencil - graded in different degrees of hardness or softness. ● Ink - oldest activity. ● Charcoal - carbon material; soft charcoal products produce darker shade, while hard charcoal produces light shade. 12. Bistre - wood-like pigment on wash drawings. 13. Crayons - bound by wax and compressed into painted sticks. 14. Silverpoint - oldest technique; popular renaissance period; thin grayish. Mediums of Visual Arts: Printmaking 1. Lithography - newest medium; planographic process; fixed with acid solution; treated chemically or mechanically. ● Earthware - terracotta or baked earth; cheap compared to stone or bronze. 10. Glass - hard, brittle, non-crystalline,, more or less transparent; molded in various colors and shapes. 11. Wood - easy to carve; subjected to a variety of treatments. 12. Architecture - designing a building and supervising its construction. Medium of Visual Arts: Sculpture Chapter 3: Elements and Principles of Art 1. Stone - standstones, granite, marble; hard and brittle substance formed. ● Granite - good for large works with only a few designs. ● Marble - more or less crystalline. ● Brecciated Marble - angular fragments. ● Serpentine Marble - variegated patterns. 2. Jade - used in Ancient China; ornamental stone for carving and fashion jewelry. 3. Ivory - came from the tusk of the elephant; hard white substance. 4. Metals - class of elementary substances. 5. Bronze - oldest alloys of metal; shiny finish. 6. Brass and Copper: ● Brass - alloys of copper and zinc; limitations as a medium; does not rust. ● Copper - has a brilliance; used as a costing medium. 7. Gold, Silver, and Lead: ● Gold and Silver - for small objects like medals, coins, and pieces of jewelry. ● Lead - used for costing and forging; flexible and permanent material. 8. Plaster - composed of lime, sand, and water; for indoor sculptures. 9. Clay - natural earthy material; fragile technique. Elements of Art: 1. Color 3 important things of color: ● Primary Hues - Red, Blue, and Yellow. ● Value - Lightness and Darkness. ● Intensity - Brightness and Dullness. Different Types of Color Scheme: ● Monochoromatic - all types of colors are visible; different values of single hue. ● Analogous - side by side of color wheel and share a hue; tri-color. ● Warm or Cool - make us think of cool items. 2. Lines - path of a moving point through space. Kinds of Lines: ● Horizontal Line - parallel lines. ● Vertical Line - run up and down. ● Diagonal - action and movement. ● Zigzag - combined diagonal line, confusion or action. ● Curved Line - graceful and flowing away. 3. Shape and Form - limited to 2-dimensions: length and width. 2 classes of Shapes: ● Geometric - made with a ruler or drawing tool like square, circle, triangle, rectangle, and oval. ● Organic - free-form, not regular or even, curved or angular; combination of both make free-form shapes. 4. Space and Texture: ● Space - distance between, around, above, below, and within things; negative spaces are empty spaces between the shapes. ● Texture - the way the art feels, or looks as though they might feel it touched. Principles of Art: 1. Balance - arranging elements so no part of the work overpowers. 3 Kinds of Balance: 1. Formal Balance or Symmetrical - balance the 2 halves. 2. Informal or Asymmetrical balance the 2 unlike elements seem to carry equal weight. 3. Radial Balance - symmetry in different directions. 2. Variety - combining one or more elements to create interest; heighten the visual appeal of the artwork. 3. Harmony - to avoid chaos in the artwork; blending the elements to create a more calm and restful appearance. 4. Emphasis - to attract a viewer’s attention to important parts of the artwork. 5. Proportion - relationship of one part to another and the whole. 6. Movement - to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer's eye. 7. Rhythm - repeating the elements. 8. Unity - piece of artwork together as a whole; feeling of completeness;