Chapter 3 Lecture 3 Colonialism in Africa Periods Involved: o o o o o o 1830-1880: European exploration of the Africa continent by merchants, explorers, adventures, and missionaries 1884: The Berlin Conference o Goal: the conference divided the continent of Africa among the European nations o Result: the partition of Africa 1900-1920: colonial rule established in Africa 1920-1945: the rise of nationalism o Goal: Africans begin to question the validity of European colonization of Africa 1950-1960s: the struggle for independence 1960s-present: post-colonial Africa European Countries Involved: o Great Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Holland Colonialism- Main Reason (remote): o o o o o o To search for raw materials for European industries To establish new markets for European manufactured goods To acquire land for agriculture To settle excess European population To seek cheap African labor To establish international political supremacy or gain superpower status Colonialism- Immediate Reasons o o o o To civilize Africans To redeem Africans from the tyranny of their traditional rulers To improve the lives of Africans To spread the Christian Gospel in Pagan Africa The Colonial Government: Politic Philosophies o o Direct rule Indirect rule The Colonial Economy o o o o o o Introduction of a money economy Wage employment Rural-urban economies (unequal salaries) Taxation: The Poll-Tax (labor, hut, livestock, wives) Import-export economy The cash crop cultivation Colonial Education: o o o o o To provide education for European children To build a small African working class to assume low paid positions within the public sector of the economy To build a comprador elite minority (comprador-middle man) To convert Africans to Christianity To gain wage employment